水利学报
水利學報
수리학보
2014年
5期
529-536
,共8页
膜下滴灌%施氮次数%施氮量%玉米%产量%东北黑土
膜下滴灌%施氮次數%施氮量%玉米%產量%東北黑土
막하적관%시담차수%시담량%옥미%산량%동북흑토
mulched drip irrigation%nitrogen splits%nitrogen rates%maize%yield%black soil in Northeast China
2011和2012年在东北黑土区开展了玉米膜下滴灌田间试验，研究生育期滴灌施氮次数与施氮量对玉米生长和产量的影响。施氮次数取1次（拔节期）和3次（拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期）2个水平，施氮量取50、100、150、200 kg/hm24个水平。结果表明，施氮次数对玉米的生长和产量影响显著，1次施氮处理显著提高了玉米在生育前期的株高、叶面积指数（LAI）、干物质质量和氮素吸收量，3次施氮处理使生育后期的干物质质量和氮素吸收量显著提高，产量随施氮次数显著增加，平均比1次施氮处理提高5%；施氮量对玉米各生育期株高和LAI的影响均不显著，干物质质量和氮素吸收量随施氮量呈增加趋势，尽管2012年玉米产量随施氮量的增加显著增长，但施氮量对玉米产量的影响明显小于施氮次数。本研究建议东北黑土区玉米膜下滴灌采用3次施氮、施氮量150~200 kg/hm2的施氮管理措施。
2011和2012年在東北黑土區開展瞭玉米膜下滴灌田間試驗，研究生育期滴灌施氮次數與施氮量對玉米生長和產量的影響。施氮次數取1次（拔節期）和3次（拔節期、抽穗期、灌漿期）2箇水平，施氮量取50、100、150、200 kg/hm24箇水平。結果錶明，施氮次數對玉米的生長和產量影響顯著，1次施氮處理顯著提高瞭玉米在生育前期的株高、葉麵積指數（LAI）、榦物質質量和氮素吸收量，3次施氮處理使生育後期的榦物質質量和氮素吸收量顯著提高，產量隨施氮次數顯著增加，平均比1次施氮處理提高5%；施氮量對玉米各生育期株高和LAI的影響均不顯著，榦物質質量和氮素吸收量隨施氮量呈增加趨勢，儘管2012年玉米產量隨施氮量的增加顯著增長，但施氮量對玉米產量的影響明顯小于施氮次數。本研究建議東北黑土區玉米膜下滴灌採用3次施氮、施氮量150~200 kg/hm2的施氮管理措施。
2011화2012년재동북흑토구개전료옥미막하적관전간시험，연구생육기적관시담차수여시담량대옥미생장화산량적영향。시담차수취1차（발절기）화3차（발절기、추수기、관장기）2개수평，시담량취50、100、150、200 kg/hm24개수평。결과표명，시담차수대옥미적생장화산량영향현저，1차시담처리현저제고료옥미재생육전기적주고、협면적지수（LAI）、간물질질량화담소흡수량，3차시담처리사생육후기적간물질질량화담소흡수량현저제고，산량수시담차수현저증가，평균비1차시담처리제고5%；시담량대옥미각생육기주고화LAI적영향균불현저，간물질질량화담소흡수량수시담량정증가추세，진관2012년옥미산량수시담량적증가현저증장，단시담량대옥미산량적영향명현소우시담차수。본연구건의동북흑토구옥미막하적관채용3차시담、시담량150~200 kg/hm2적시담관리조시。
Field experiments were conducted on a black soil in Northeast China to investigate the influenc-es of nitrogen splits and rates in the growing season on the growth and yield of mulched and drip-irrigated maize in 2011 and 2012. In the experiments, a single nitrogen application at the jointing stage and three nitrogen splits at the jointing, heading and filling stages were used. For each nitrogen split, four nitrogen levels of 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg·hm-2 were tested. The results indicated that the effect of nitrogen splits on maize growth and yield was statistically significant. The single nitrogen application significantly in-creased the plant height, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter aboveground and nitrogen uptake of maize in the early growing season. However,the three nitrogen splits in season produced a higher dry matter aboveg-round and nitrogen uptake in the late growing season. The yield averaged over the treatments using the three nitrogen splits was nearly 5 % greater than the single nitrogen application treatments. The nitrogen rates had an insignificant effect on plant height and LAI during the whole growing season. Nitrogen splits imposed a more important impact on the yield than the nitrogen application rates,although a significant in-crease of yield with the amount of nitrogen applied was observed in 2012. We recommend a management practice of 150-200 kg·hm-2 of nitrogen applied at three nitrogen splits to obtain high production while re-ducing the risk of nitrogen leaching for the black soil in Northeast China.
