CAJ | 학술논문

目的综述远程飞行劳动负荷特点与卫生保障措施的研究进展. 资料来源与选择国内外该领域的相关文献. 资料引用引用国内外公开发表的文献资料47篇. 资料综合回顾了远程飞行的主要应激因素,例如持续仪表观察、长时间活动受限、频繁出现的生物节律紊乱等.总结了民用和军事航空远程飞行的劳动负荷特点,其中民用航空飞行人员的疲劳问题非常突出:宇宙辐射损伤增加,女乘务员工作相关的肌肉骨骼症状多发；下肢水肿常见,静脉血栓形成和栓塞的发病率增加.军事航空远程飞行常常出现飞行耐力和操作能力降低,如果复合飞行疲劳与生物节律紊乱的影响将威胁飞行安全.介绍了国内外民用和军事航空远程飞行卫生保障措施,主要包括身心机能适应性训练、睡眠保障、营养调节、合理用药以及任务中疲劳监测和预警等,列举了国外远程飞行综合卫生保障的典型实例.在此基础上,提出今后开展军事远程飞行卫生保障工作的建议. 结论针对远程飞行的劳动负荷特点,强调采用综合卫生保障措施维护飞行人员的作业能力.
목적 종술원정비행노동부하특점여위생보장조시적연구진전. 자료래원여선택 국내외해영역적상관문헌. 자료인용 인용국내외공개발표적문헌자료47편. 자료종합 회고료원정비행적주요응격인소,례여지속의표관찰、장시간활동수한、빈번출현적생물절률문란등.총결료민용화군사항공원정비행적노동부하특점,기중민용항공비행인원적피로문제비상돌출:우주복사손상증가,녀승무원공작상관적기육골격증상다발；하지수종상견,정맥혈전형성화전새적발병솔증가.군사항공원정비행상상출현비행내력화조작능력강저,여과복합비행피로여생물절률문란적영향장위협비행안전.개소료국내외민용화군사항공원정비행위생보장조시,주요포괄신심궤능괄응성훈련、수면보장、영양조절、합리용약이급임무중피로감측화예경등,열거료국외원정비행종합위생보장적전형실례.재차기출상,제출금후개전군사원정비행위생보장공작적건의. 결론 침대원정비행적노동부하특점,강조채용종합위생보장조시유호비행인원적작업능력.
Objective To review the researches on the workload of long-range flight and medical support measures.Literature resource and selection Relevant articles published in China and abroad.Literature quotation Forty-seven published references were cited.Literature synthesis The stress factors during the long-range flight were as follows:continuously watching instruments,body move limitated for long time,frequently disrupted biorhythm and etc.The workloads of civil and military aircrew during long-range flight were summarized.In the long-range flight of civil aviation,aircrews were usually submitted to flight fatigue and cosmic irradiation injury.Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms were commonly reported by female flight attendants in long-range flights.The passengers'incidences of edema at lower limbs and deep venous thrombosis were increased after long-range flights.For military aviation,long-range flight reduced aircrews' fight endurance and performance,and influenced flight safety if the interaction of flight fatigue and/or biorhythm disruption experienced.Aeromedical support measures on long-range flight of civil and military aircrews at home and abroad mainly included adoptive training of physical and mental functions,sleep maintenance,nutritional regulation,rational usage of medicine,fatigue monitoring and early-warning on duty and so on.In addition,typical examples of aeromedical support for long-range flight abroad were briefly introduced.The suggestion for future studies on aeromedical support for military long-range flight was also proposed.Conclusions Based on the features of workload in long-range flight,comprehensive measures of medical support should be adopted to maintain the operational ability of aircrew.