CAJ | 학술논문

设施蔬菜种植茬口多，生育期和产量水平变异大，其高收益特征造成设施栽培过量施肥问题十分普遍，往往导致设施菜田土壤养分累积、土壤酸化和次生盐渍化，而频繁灌溉追肥的特点导致根层土壤有效氮变化十分剧烈，不宜在生育期内采用测土方法进行推荐施肥。本文以北方设施番茄为例，针对其施肥投入特点及作物养分吸收特征，基于已有试验和文献资料数据，提出了北方设施土壤栽培番茄配方施肥策略。主要包括：根据不同茬口番茄的目标产量确定氮磷钾养分需求总量；在控制有机肥投入数量的基础上，结合土壤养分供应分级，确定氮磷钾追肥养分数量；参考作物养分吸收和阶段需求比例，选择番茄生育期阶段追肥配方，并配合灌溉制度制定整个生育期的肥料分配方案。通过在京郊多点应用结果表明，该施肥策略与传统施肥技术相比，平均节肥（以N、P2O5、K2O计）幅度分别为42.7%、59.1%、41.5%；平均节水幅度为21.0%；平均增产幅度为13.4%。
설시소채충식치구다，생육기화산량수평변이대，기고수익특정조성설시재배과량시비문제십분보편，왕왕도치설시채전토양양분루적、토양산화화차생염지화，이빈번관개추비적특점도치근층토양유효담변화십분극렬，불의재생육기내채용측토방법진행추천시비。본문이북방설시번가위례，침대기시비투입특점급작물양분흡수특정，기우이유시험화문헌자료수거，제출료북방설시토양재배번가배방시비책략。주요포괄：근거불동치구번가적목표산량학정담린갑양분수구총량；재공제유궤비투입수량적기출상，결합토양양분공응분급，학정담린갑추비양분수량；삼고작물양분흡수화계단수구비례，선택번가생육기계단추비배방，병배합관개제도제정정개생육기적비료분배방안。통과재경교다점응용결과표명，해시비책략여전통시비기술상비，평균절비（이N、P2O5、K2O계）폭도분별위42.7%、59.1%、41.5%；평균절수폭도위21.0%；평균증산폭도위13.4%。
Due to diverse facility vegetable planting seasons, growth periods and yield levels, its high income character has resulted in excessive fertilization in facility cultivation, which has led to soil nutrient over accumulaion, soil acidification, and secondary salinization.Very high ariation of soil available nitrogen content in rootzone limited the use of soil mineral nitrogen testing and nitrogen recommendation during the whole growing period.Taking greenhouse tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in northern China as an example and based on the data from our experiments and published literatures, this paper provides strategy of specific formula for fertilization in soil-bound greenhouse tomato, according to fertilization and nutrient uptake characteristics, including determining the total nutrient requirements of different seasons’ tomato by target yield; determining the chemical fertilizers (N, Pand K) quantities based on optimum rate of organic manure and soil nutrient levels; selecting special fertilizer formulas for tomato in different growth periods based on the characteristics of nutrient uptake and fertilization schedule in the whole growth period of tomato, which was matched into irrigation schedule.The two-year demonstration results of the recommended strategy and related index in Beijing suburbs showed that the inputs of N, P2O and K2O fertilizer, and water were saved by 42.7%, 59.1%, 41.5% and 21.0%, respectively as compared with the conventional practices, while the tomato yields increased by 13.4% on average with recommended fertilization strategies.