CAJ | 학술논문

目的：通过对山东枣庄地区人群低视力筛查，明确低视力人群眼病的发病率和疾病的构成，明确可治眼病导致的低视力情况，制定有针对性的眼病健康教育和适合本地区眼病防治的重点对象。 　　方法：通过对近年在山东枣庄地区开展学龄儿童入学筛查、白内障复明工程和下乡义诊筛查资料汇总进行回顾性分析研究。筛查人数12685人，男性7962人，女性4723人。按照年龄分组：低年龄组2．5～15岁（含15岁）2262人；青中年龄组15～50岁（含50岁）4684人；高年龄组50岁以上5739人。主要进行的眼部检查包括视力、电脑验光、前节裂隙灯、眼压、眼底检查（一般为小瞳，必要时散瞳），同时记录的治疗包括有无家族史、眼部外伤史、眼部手术史、眼部疾病治疗的情况。 　　结果：低年龄组盲和低视力人数423人，患病率为3．33％，导致低视力的主要原因为弱视、屈光不正、眼外伤、早产儿视网膜病变等。青中年龄组盲和低视力人数239人，患病率为1．88％，主要原因为眼外伤、高度近视、视网膜脱离等。高年龄组盲和低视力人数为597人，患病率为4.71％，主要原因为白内障、糖尿病视网膜病变、老年性黄斑变性等。盲和低视力随着年龄的增加患病率也升高，在性别上女性患病率稍高于男性。 　　结论：山东枣庄地区不同年龄组盲和低视力大患病率高于全国平均患病率0．5％，且不同年龄组致盲和低视力的眼病表现出显著地差异。针对低年龄组要做到及早进行视力筛查，做到早发现早治疗，尽可能提高视力；青中年龄组要做好眼部防护以及眼病的早期健康教育；高年龄组要做好早期眼病宣教，及早行白内障手术和眼底疾病的干预。
목적：통과대산동조장지구인군저시력사사，명학저시력인군안병적발병솔화질병적구성，명학가치안병도치적저시력정황，제정유침대성적안병건강교육화괄합본지구안병방치적중점대상。 　　방법：통과대근년재산동조장지구개전학령인동입학사사、백내장복명공정화하향의진사사자료회총진행회고성분석연구。사사인수12685인，남성7962인，녀성4723인。안조년령분조：저년령조2．5～15세（함15세）2262인；청중년령조15～50세（함50세）4684인；고년령조50세이상5739인。주요진행적안부검사포괄시력、전뇌험광、전절렬극등、안압、안저검사（일반위소동，필요시산동），동시기록적치료포괄유무가족사、안부외상사、안부수술사、안부질병치료적정황。 　　결과：저년령조맹화저시력인수423인，환병솔위3．33％，도치저시력적주요원인위약시、굴광불정、안외상、조산인시망막병변등。청중년령조맹화저시력인수239인，환병솔위1．88％，주요원인위안외상、고도근시、시망막탈리등。고년령조맹화저시력인수위597인，환병솔위4.71％，주요원인위백내장、당뇨병시망막병변、노년성황반변성등。맹화저시력수착년령적증가환병솔야승고，재성별상녀성환병솔초고우남성。 　　결론：산동조장지구불동년령조맹화저시력대환병솔고우전국평균환병솔0．5％，차불동년령조치맹화저시력적안병표현출현저지차이。침대저년령조요주도급조진행시력사사，주도조발현조치료，진가능제고시력；청중년령조요주호안부방호이급안병적조기건강교육；고년령조요주호조기안병선교，급조행백내장수술화안저질병적간예。
AIM: To investigate the incidence and demographic characteristics of blindness and low vision, and to set out a specific eye health education in Zaozhuang, Shandong Province. METHODS:The medical records of admission screening in preschoolers, cataract extraction project and medical outreach program in Zaozhuang were retrospective studied.A total of 12 685 people participated in the study, among those 7 962 were males, and 4 723 were females. 2 262 cases were in low age group ( aged 2 .5-15 ) , 4 684 cases were in young age group ( aged 15-50 ) , and 5 739 cases were in elder age group ( aged >50 ) . The examination protocol included visual acuity testing, intraocular pressure, computer optometry, anterior segment examination using slit lamp biomicroscopy, and fundus examination.The family history, ocular trauma, surgery and drug treatment were also recorded. RESULTS:The incidence of blindness and low vision in low age group (423 patients) was 3.33%.The leading causes were amblyopia, ametropia, ocular trauma, and retinopathy of the premature, etc. The incidence of blindness and low vision in young age group ( 239 patients) was 1.88%. The main causes were ocular trauma, high myopia, and retinal detachment, etc.The incidence of blindness and low vision in old age group (597 patients ) was 4.71%. The primary causes were cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, etc.The incidence of blindness and low vision increased with the age, and it was higher in females. CONCLUSION: The incidence of blindness and low vision in all groups, of which the leading causes are different, is higher than that of China.Early detection and treatment are important for low age patients, which can significantly increase the visual outcome.It's necessary for young patients to receive health education on common ocular diseases and labor protection.For elder patients, early cataract extraction surgery and treatment for ocular fundus disease are critical.