湖北农业科学
湖北農業科學
호북농업과학
2014年
8期
1790-1796
,共7页
晶体残缺%类质同像%地球化学风化%含钾矿石%开放体系
晶體殘缺%類質同像%地毬化學風化%含鉀礦石%開放體繫
정체잔결%류질동상%지구화학풍화%함갑광석%개방체계
crystal′s mutilation%isomorphism%geochemical weathering%potassium-bearing minerals%open system
在开放体系、封闭体系和半开放半封闭体系下,对白云母、高岭石、黑云母、钾长石、蒙脱石、伊利石、蛭石等7种矿石的小分子有机酸解钾(K)进行了探讨。结果表明,7种矿石风化程度(CIA 指数)由高到低的顺序为高岭石(96.79)、蒙脱石(96.19)、伊利石(77.30)、白云母(69.24)、钾长石(44.28)、蛭石(38.97)、黑云母(37.49)。封闭体系中供试矿石风化释放K的时间主要集中在1~15 d,在碱性、酸性环境中开放体系释放K的量明显比封闭体系高。在封闭体系达到平衡后,仅能依靠机械振动和摩擦促进K+的溶解释放；在开放体系中K+溶解平衡不断被打破,累积释放K+的量最大；而半开放半封闭体系下通过颗粒振动,溶液中溶解-吸附平衡过程缓慢,累积释放K+比开放体系少,比封闭体系多。无论体系开放与否,提取剂是酸性还是碱性,提取液中K+浓度主要受提取液中K+的溶解-吸附平衡的影响。在本研究中,在开放体系下双常数模型是含K矿石释放K的主要动力学模型,以Elovich模型拟合的效果最好。有机酸与含K矿石之间的键合机制主要包括阴离子交换、配位体的络合作用、疏水性作用、酸质子效应。
在開放體繫、封閉體繫和半開放半封閉體繫下,對白雲母、高嶺石、黑雲母、鉀長石、矇脫石、伊利石、蛭石等7種礦石的小分子有機痠解鉀(K)進行瞭探討。結果錶明,7種礦石風化程度(CIA 指數)由高到低的順序為高嶺石(96.79)、矇脫石(96.19)、伊利石(77.30)、白雲母(69.24)、鉀長石(44.28)、蛭石(38.97)、黑雲母(37.49)。封閉體繫中供試礦石風化釋放K的時間主要集中在1~15 d,在堿性、痠性環境中開放體繫釋放K的量明顯比封閉體繫高。在封閉體繫達到平衡後,僅能依靠機械振動和摩抆促進K+的溶解釋放；在開放體繫中K+溶解平衡不斷被打破,纍積釋放K+的量最大；而半開放半封閉體繫下通過顆粒振動,溶液中溶解-吸附平衡過程緩慢,纍積釋放K+比開放體繫少,比封閉體繫多。無論體繫開放與否,提取劑是痠性還是堿性,提取液中K+濃度主要受提取液中K+的溶解-吸附平衡的影響。在本研究中,在開放體繫下雙常數模型是含K礦石釋放K的主要動力學模型,以Elovich模型擬閤的效果最好。有機痠與含K礦石之間的鍵閤機製主要包括陰離子交換、配位體的絡閤作用、疏水性作用、痠質子效應。
재개방체계、봉폐체계화반개방반봉폐체계하,대백운모、고령석、흑운모、갑장석、몽탈석、이리석、질석등7충광석적소분자유궤산해갑(K)진행료탐토。결과표명,7충광석풍화정도(CIA 지수)유고도저적순서위고령석(96.79)、몽탈석(96.19)、이리석(77.30)、백운모(69.24)、갑장석(44.28)、질석(38.97)、흑운모(37.49)。봉폐체계중공시광석풍화석방K적시간주요집중재1~15 d,재감성、산성배경중개방체계석방K적량명현비봉폐체계고。재봉폐체계체도평형후,부능의고궤계진동화마찰촉진K+적용해석방；재개방체계중K+용해평형불단피타파,루적석방K+적량최대；이반개방반봉폐체계하통과과립진동,용액중용해-흡부평형과정완만,루적석방K+비개방체계소,비봉폐체계다。무론체계개방여부,제취제시산성환시감성,제취액중K+농도주요수제취액중K+적용해-흡부평형적영향。재본연구중,재개방체계하쌍상수모형시함K광석석방K적주요동역학모형,이Elovich모형의합적효과최호。유궤산여함K광석지간적건합궤제주요포괄음리자교환、배위체적락합작용、소수성작용、산질자효응。
A weathering experiment in which small molecule organic acids were used to release potassium in 7 kinds of minerals including muscovite, kaolinite, biotite, potassium feldspar, smectite, illite and vermiculite in open system, closed system and semi-open semi-closed system was conducted. Weathering degree of the minerals from high to low was kaolinite (96.79), smectite (96.19), illite (77.30), muscovite (69.24), K-feldspar (44.28), vermiculite (38.97), and biotite (37.49). Potassium released from the minerals mainly happened within 15 days in a closed system. The quantities of potassium released in alkaline and∕or acidic environments in open system were significantly higher than those in closed system. After equilibrium in a closed system, dissolution of K+ would only rely on mechanical vibration and friction. The equilibrium of K+ was frequently broken in the open system, and maximum cumulative quantity of K+ was achieved. In the semi-open and semi-closed system, the dissolution-adsorption equilibrium was also frequently broken by particle vibration. No matter the system was open or not and no matter the extraction agent was acid or alkali, the concentration of K+ in solution was mainly depended on the release-adsorption equilibrium in the solution. Double-constant model was main kinetic model fitting potassium released from the minerals. Elovich model was the best in the open system. The interactive mechanisms between organic acids and potassium minerals was involved in anion exchange,ligand exchange surface complexion, hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding.
