CAJ | 학술논문

球状星团与星系的形成和演化过程密切相关，研究球状星团是研究星系形成和演化的重要途径之一。综述了球状星团在观测上的统计结论，观测对理论模型的限制，利用数值模拟和半解析模型研究球状星团形成和演化等阶段的进展。理论研究主要包括球状星团的形成、密度轮廓、初始质量函数，球状星团在质量、大小、空间上的演化，星系并合对球状星团形成和演化的影响等。通过介绍当前研究的主要模型、相关的研究结果以及该领域尚未解决的一些难题，阐明球状星团与星系的关系，深化对球状星团和星系形成和演化的认识。
구상성단여성계적형성화연화과정밀절상관，연구구상성단시연구성계형성화연화적중요도경지일。종술료구상성단재관측상적통계결론，관측대이론모형적한제，이용수치모의화반해석모형연구구상성단형성화연화등계단적진전。이론연구주요포괄구상성단적형성、밀도륜곽、초시질량함수，구상성단재질량、대소、공간상적연화，성계병합대구상성단형성화연화적영향등。통과개소당전연구적주요모형、상관적연구결과이급해영역상미해결적일사난제，천명구상성단여성계적관계，심화대구상성단화성계형성화연화적인식。
Understanding on the formation and evolution of globular clusters (GCs) has been a hot topic for many decades. GCs are ubiquitous objects in galaxies. Some of them are confirmed as the oldest group of stars in galaxies, while some are found in merging or star-forming galaxies. The GCs are closely related to the galaxies and thus play an important role in the formation and evolution of galaxies. <br> Many sky surveys have been carried out to search for the GCs, such as the ACSVCS, ACSFCS, SDSS and 2MASS. A lot of data have been accumulated and some important laws about GCs were established. For example, the metallicity of GCs shows a bimodal distribution, and the relative height of two peaks depend on the galaxy luminosity or mass. A theoretical model is required to understand the observed properties and the relation of GCs with galaxies. <br> It’s found that the GCs usually form in the giant molecular clouds, where the gas density and star formation rate are both high. This situation may happen during the early star burst or the gas-rich merger between galaxies. After the formation of GCs, the stellar evolution in GCs and the dynamical evolution subjected to galaxies can change the mass, size, number, position, metallicity and color of GCs. We review the research progress on the formation and evolution of GCs in simulation and semi-analytical model (SAM). The theoretical studies include (1) the formation mechanism and initial mass function of GCs; (2) the mass, size and spatial evolution of GCs in galaxies;(3) the influences of galaxy merger on the formation and evolution of GCs. By introducing some leading models and their results, we summarize the general relations between GCs and galaxies obtained by these model. <br> The current research on GCs has shown a great progress, but there is still some open questions waiting for further exploration. As to the formation of GCs, one needs to estimate the collapsing condition of giant molecular clouds. For the dynamical evolution, an initial mass function of GCs need to be assumed. On the destruction affected by galaxy merger, one should model the distribution of matter in merging galaxies. However, none of them is well understood yet. It’s also a big challenge in simulating both GCs and galaxies, which should consider many aspects, including the formation of dark matter halos and their substructure, the accretion and cooling of baryon gas, the star formation and feedback, the collapse and destruction of star clusters.