CAJ | 학술논문

在满足电动汽车用户充电需求及配电变压器容量限制的前提下，建立了以充电站充电收益最大化为目标的第一阶段优化模型。考虑最大化电网公司对缩小峰谷差所给予的激励，以不低于第一阶段优化所求得的最大充电收益为约束，建立了第二阶段优化模型。根据用户的驾驶习惯，采用蒙特卡洛方法模拟用户的充电需求，对电动汽车在无序充电、第一阶段模型和两阶段模型优化控制充电3种情形下充电站的经济效益及配电变压器下的负载情况进行了仿真和分析。研究结果表明，采用第一阶段模型和两阶段模型均可显著提升充电站的经济效益。但是在现行的分时电价机制下，仅采用第一阶段优化模型进行大量电动汽车的充电控制往往会带来新的负荷尖峰，而两阶段优化模型在进一步增大充电站经济效益、减小峰谷差等方面均有显著作用，并且具有很高的计算效率，适于实际应用。
재만족전동기차용호충전수구급배전변압기용량한제적전제하，건립료이충전참충전수익최대화위목표적제일계단우화모형。고필최대화전망공사대축소봉곡차소급여적격려，이불저우제일계단우화소구득적최대충전수익위약속，건립료제이계단우화모형。근거용호적가사습관，채용몽특잡락방법모의용호적충전수구，대전동기차재무서충전、제일계단모형화량계단모형우화공제충전3충정형하충전참적경제효익급배전변압기하적부재정황진행료방진화분석。연구결과표명，채용제일계단모형화량계단모형균가현저제승충전참적경제효익。단시재현행적분시전개궤제하，부채용제일계단우화모형진행대량전동기차적충전공제왕왕회대래신적부하첨봉，이량계단우화모형재진일보증대충전참경제효익、감소봉곡차등방면균유현저작용，병차구유흔고적계산효솔，괄우실제응용。
Under the premise of satisfying the charging demand of electric vehicle (EV) and complying with the restriction of distribution transformer capacity, a first-stage optimal EV charging model, which takes the maximized charging revenue of the charging station as the objective, is established. Considering maximizing the incentive to reducing peak-valley difference given by grid corporation and taking the maximum charging revenue, which is not lower than that obtained by the first-stage optimization, as constraint, the second-stage optimization model is built. Based on the driving habits of EV users, the charging demand of EV users is simulated by Monte Carlo method, and the economic benefit of charging station and the load condition of distribution transformer under three situations, namely the uncoordinated charging, the charging under the first-stage optimization model and the charging under the two-stage optimization model, are simulated and analyzed. Research results show that using the first-stage optimization model and the second-stage optimization model the economic benefit of charging station can be evidently improved. However, under current time-of-use (TOU) mechanism, new peak load will occur when only the first-stage optimization model is used to control the charging of lots of EVs, and yet the improved two-stage optimization model can play a significant role in further increasing economic benefit of charging station, reducing peak-valley difference and smoothing the load curves, besides, the computational cost of the improved two-stage optimization model is still low, so it is suitable for practical application.