腐植酸
腐植痠
부식산
HUMIC ACID
2012年
6期
23-37
,共15页
Benny Chefetz%Jorge Tarchitzky%Ashish P．Deshmukh%Patrick G．Hatcher%Yona Chen%张敬奇（著）%包雪梅（著）%于家伊（著）
Benny Chefetz%Jorge Tarchitzky%Ashish P．Deshmukh%Patrick G．Hatcher%Yona Chen%張敬奇（著）%包雪梅（著）%于傢伊（著）
Benny Chefetz%Jorge Tarchitzky%Ashish P．Deshmukh%Patrick G．Hatcher%Yona Chen%장경기（저）%포설매（저）%우가이（저）
土壤有机质%腐殖酸%结构表征
土壤有機質%腐殖痠%結構錶徵
토양유궤질%부식산%결구표정
soil organic matter%humic acids%structural characterization
摘要：农业土壤中的有机质主要来源于植物残体的部分分解、微生物生物量以及腐殖物质。130核磁共振、羟化四甲铵气相色谱／质谱法和热解气相色谱/质谱法等先进的分析技术被用来研究地中海的深褐色土壤中土壤有机质及相应的腐殖酸的化学结构。羟化四甲铵法对大多数土壤和腐植酸样品的热化学分析的主要产物是木质素提取复合物和非木质素芳香化合物、杂环氮、脂肪酸甲酯和二羧酸二酯。在〉250μm的羟化四甲铵色谱分馏所得的木质素提取复合物要明显多于〈2μm时的。脂肪酸甲酯和二羧酸二酯团长链峰值的相对强度在团聚体大小上有所降低，但是他们却对土壤有机物质的结构表现出明显的贡献。热解气相色谱／质谱法和羟化四甲铵气相色谱／质谱法数据表明在腐植酸的结构中含有大量的木质素和表皮材料。在氧化过程的最后阶段随着颗粒大小的降低腐植酸样品中含有木质素提取物单元，而来源于微生物的活动多种脂肪酸以及高含量的非木质素芳香结构。我们的数据表明：新鲜的有机物质被分解和腐化成腐植酸时存在一个类似于结构的稳定阶段，但这部分产物进一步分解（主要是通过氧芳香碳取代氧烷基）转化为腐化产物。
摘要：農業土壤中的有機質主要來源于植物殘體的部分分解、微生物生物量以及腐殖物質。130覈磁共振、羥化四甲銨氣相色譜／質譜法和熱解氣相色譜/質譜法等先進的分析技術被用來研究地中海的深褐色土壤中土壤有機質及相應的腐殖痠的化學結構。羥化四甲銨法對大多數土壤和腐植痠樣品的熱化學分析的主要產物是木質素提取複閤物和非木質素芳香化閤物、雜環氮、脂肪痠甲酯和二羧痠二酯。在〉250μm的羥化四甲銨色譜分餾所得的木質素提取複閤物要明顯多于〈2μm時的。脂肪痠甲酯和二羧痠二酯糰長鏈峰值的相對彊度在糰聚體大小上有所降低，但是他們卻對土壤有機物質的結構錶現齣明顯的貢獻。熱解氣相色譜／質譜法和羥化四甲銨氣相色譜／質譜法數據錶明在腐植痠的結構中含有大量的木質素和錶皮材料。在氧化過程的最後階段隨著顆粒大小的降低腐植痠樣品中含有木質素提取物單元，而來源于微生物的活動多種脂肪痠以及高含量的非木質素芳香結構。我們的數據錶明：新鮮的有機物質被分解和腐化成腐植痠時存在一箇類似于結構的穩定階段，但這部分產物進一步分解（主要是通過氧芳香碳取代氧烷基）轉化為腐化產物。
적요：농업토양중적유궤질주요래원우식물잔체적부분분해、미생물생물량이급부식물질。130핵자공진、간화사갑안기상색보／질보법화열해기상색보/질보법등선진적분석기술피용래연구지중해적심갈색토양중토양유궤질급상응적부식산적화학결구。간화사갑안법대대다수토양화부식산양품적열화학분석적주요산물시목질소제취복합물화비목질소방향화합물、잡배담、지방산갑지화이최산이지。재〉250μm적간화사갑안색보분류소득적목질소제취복합물요명현다우〈2μm시적。지방산갑지화이최산이지단장련봉치적상대강도재단취체대소상유소강저，단시타문각대토양유궤물질적결구표현출명현적공헌。열해기상색보／질보법화간화사갑안기상색보／질보법수거표명재부식산적결구중함유대량적목질소화표피재료。재양화과정적최후계단수착과립대소적강저부식산양품중함유목질소제취물단원，이래원우미생물적활동다충지방산이급고함량적비목질소방향결구。아문적수거표명：신선적유궤물질피분해화부화성부식산시존재일개유사우결구적은정계단，단저부분산물진일보분해（주요시통과양방향탄취대양완기）전화위부화산물。
Abstact:Organic matter (OM) in agricultural soils consists mainly of partially decomposed plant residues, microbial biomass, and humic substances. The advanced analytical techniques of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), tet- ramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) therrnochemolysis-gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectroscopy (MS), and pyrolysis-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS) were employed to study the chemical structure of bulk soil organic matter (SOM) and its corresponding humic acid (HA) extracts from different aggregate-size fractions (〈2 and 〉250 prn) of a dark brown Mediterranean soil. The main products released by TMAH thermochemolysis of the bulk soil and HA samples were:lignin-derived compounds (LG) and nonlignin-derived aromatic compounds, heterocyclic N, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and dicarboxylic acid dimethyl esters (DAMEs). The TMAH chromatogram of the 〉250-gin size fraction revealed more LG than that of the 〈2-μm fraction. The relative intensity of the long-chain FAMEs and DAMEs peaks decreased with aggregate size, but their presence highlights the contribution of aliphatic biopolymers to the structure of the SOM. Both Py-GC/MS and TMAH-thermochemolysis data suggest that the HAs contain large portions of lignin and cuticular materials in their structure. With decreasing particle size, the HA contained more lignin-derived units in the final stages of oxidation, more fatty acids originating from microbial activity, and higher contents of aromatic nonlignin- derived structures. Our data suggest that a steady-state situation exists for the presence of HA, where fresh OM is be- ing decomposed and humified into the HA-like structures, but this fraction is subject to further decomposition (mainly through loss of O-alkyl and transformation of O-substituted aromatic carbons) as humification proceeds.
