教育与教学研究
教育與教學研究
교육여교학연구
EDUCATION AND TEACHING RESEARCH
2012年
12期
12-15,82
,共5页
教师流动%教师流动制%资源均衡%择校
教師流動%教師流動製%資源均衡%擇校
교사류동%교사류동제%자원균형%택교
teachers flow%the system of teachers flow%resources balance%school choice
为了减轻中小学生的课业负担，国家推行取消“小升初”考试、小学生和初中生就近入学这一重大举措。但随着这一制度的实行，却引发了中小学生“择校”这一负面现象。为了解决“择校”问题和城乡教育资源差异问题，中国借鉴了国外的教师流动制度，在均衡教育资源、解决“择校”问题方面确实取得了一定的成效。它可以有效地抑制教师的“单向上位流动”，有利于教师个人的发展和提高教学效率。强制性的流动与和谐社会“以人为本”的理念相悖，容易滋生腐败风气，不利于教师安心工作；与教师职业的长期性特点相悖，教师的家庭等后顾之忧难以解决。要真正解决“择校问题”，需要将重点高中的名额指标下放到各个初中，利用优厚的待遇吸引优秀人才进入薄弱学校，实行教育券制度等方法。
為瞭減輕中小學生的課業負擔，國傢推行取消“小升初”攷試、小學生和初中生就近入學這一重大舉措。但隨著這一製度的實行，卻引髮瞭中小學生“擇校”這一負麵現象。為瞭解決“擇校”問題和城鄉教育資源差異問題，中國藉鑒瞭國外的教師流動製度，在均衡教育資源、解決“擇校”問題方麵確實取得瞭一定的成效。它可以有效地抑製教師的“單嚮上位流動”，有利于教師箇人的髮展和提高教學效率。彊製性的流動與和諧社會“以人為本”的理唸相悖，容易滋生腐敗風氣，不利于教師安心工作；與教師職業的長期性特點相悖，教師的傢庭等後顧之憂難以解決。要真正解決“擇校問題”，需要將重點高中的名額指標下放到各箇初中，利用優厚的待遇吸引優秀人纔進入薄弱學校，實行教育券製度等方法。
위료감경중소학생적과업부담，국가추행취소“소승초”고시、소학생화초중생취근입학저일중대거조。단수착저일제도적실행，각인발료중소학생“택교”저일부면현상。위료해결“택교”문제화성향교육자원차이문제，중국차감료국외적교사류동제도，재균형교육자원、해결“택교”문제방면학실취득료일정적성효。타가이유효지억제교사적“단향상위류동”，유리우교사개인적발전화제고교학효솔。강제성적류동여화해사회“이인위본”적이념상패，용역자생부패풍기，불리우교사안심공작；여교사직업적장기성특점상패，교사적가정등후고지우난이해결。요진정해결“택교문제”，수요장중점고중적명액지표하방도각개초중，이용우후적대우흡인우수인재진입박약학교，실행교육권제도등방법。
:In China,in order to reduce the schoolwork burden of primary and middle school students the entrance examination to junior high school was cancelled and elementary school and junior high school students are required to go to school in the neighborhood. With the im- plementation of the system, the negative phenomenon of school choice was caused. To settle the problems of school choice and educational, re- sources differences between ttrban and rural areas,our country uses the system of teachers flow in some regions for reference from abroad. The approach has achieved some success in balancing educational resources and solving the problem of school choice. The advantages of the ap- preach lie in the fact that it can effectively restrain teachers' "one- way upper flow",do good to teachers' personal improvement and enhance the teaching efficiency. Nonetheless, the drawbacks can't be ignored that mandatory flow departs from "people - oriented" concept of harmonious society and ethos of corruptions propagate easily, which will affect teachers' focus on teaching. Besides, the system goes against the long- last- ing characteristics of teachers' occupation,and difficulties from teachers' families can't be solved right away. We should take long- term mech- arfisms to settle the problem of school choice in ways of delivering the quota of enrollment of key senior high schools to junior schools,attracting outstanding talented persons into weak schools and carrying out education voucher system.
