计算机工程与应用
計算機工程與應用
계산궤공정여응용
COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND APPLICATIONS
2014年
9期
5-11
,共7页
软件可靠性%系统调用%失效模式%错误传播%马尔可夫过程
軟件可靠性%繫統調用%失效模式%錯誤傳播%馬爾可伕過程
연건가고성%계통조용%실효모식%착오전파%마이가부과정
software reliability%system call%failure mode%error propagation%Markov process
可靠性是软件系统质量需求中的一个重要指标，而软件可靠性建模为人们提供了一种评估软件可靠性的方法，能够在软件质量控制方面有效地提供决策依据。无论是曾经受到广泛关注的黑盒方法，还是现在大量研究的白盒方法，这些模型都试图越来越精确地刻画软件的可靠性。然而，这些模型都是将软件独立在运行环境之外，只是纯粹地、抽象地考虑软件本身，完全忽略了软件所依赖的操作系统和运行环境对可靠性的影响。将软件运行所依赖的系统调用纳入了考虑范畴，考虑了软件中的多种失效模式（内核态失效、用户态失效），同时对系统中的错误传播行为进行了建模，经过对经典模型逐步扩展，建立了一个更加符合实际情况的软件可靠性模型。通过一个实例详细描述了该模型的如何应用。
可靠性是軟件繫統質量需求中的一箇重要指標，而軟件可靠性建模為人們提供瞭一種評估軟件可靠性的方法，能夠在軟件質量控製方麵有效地提供決策依據。無論是曾經受到廣汎關註的黑盒方法，還是現在大量研究的白盒方法，這些模型都試圖越來越精確地刻畫軟件的可靠性。然而，這些模型都是將軟件獨立在運行環境之外，隻是純粹地、抽象地攷慮軟件本身，完全忽略瞭軟件所依賴的操作繫統和運行環境對可靠性的影響。將軟件運行所依賴的繫統調用納入瞭攷慮範疇，攷慮瞭軟件中的多種失效模式（內覈態失效、用戶態失效），同時對繫統中的錯誤傳播行為進行瞭建模，經過對經典模型逐步擴展，建立瞭一箇更加符閤實際情況的軟件可靠性模型。通過一箇實例詳細描述瞭該模型的如何應用。
가고성시연건계통질량수구중적일개중요지표，이연건가고성건모위인문제공료일충평고연건가고성적방법，능구재연건질량공제방면유효지제공결책의거。무론시증경수도엄범관주적흑합방법，환시현재대량연구적백합방법，저사모형도시도월래월정학지각화연건적가고성。연이，저사모형도시장연건독립재운행배경지외，지시순수지、추상지고필연건본신，완전홀략료연건소의뢰적조작계통화운행배경대가고성적영향。장연건운행소의뢰적계통조용납입료고필범주，고필료연건중적다충실효모식（내핵태실효、용호태실효），동시대계통중적착오전파행위진행료건모，경과대경전모형축보확전，건립료일개경가부합실제정황적연건가고성모형。통과일개실례상세묘술료해모형적여하응용。
Reliability is one of the essential quality requirements of software systems, while software reliability analysis modeling provides a means for estimating reliability of software, which facilitates effective decision making for quality control. Whether models based on the black-box approach which attracts much attention or models based on the white-box approach which is focused on recently, they all attempt to formulate more accurate models of software reliability. However, these models only consider the user code itself regardless of the runtime environment and ignore the influence of the underlying operating system. In this paper, system calls which the software has to depend on are incorporated, multiple failure modes(failures in kernel mode & failures in user mode)are considered and the behavior of error propagation is modeled. By expanding the classic software reliability model step by step, a more accurate model is developed. Then this model is demonstrated in detail by an example.
