CAJ | 학술논문

　　“9·芙”（Bombyx mori L.9·Fu）作为华南地区饲养的主要家蚕种，考察广泛使用的有机磷农药毒死蜱和乐果对于“9·芙”蚕的毒性和安全性具有重要的经济意义和生态学意义。根据环保部《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》的要求，首次采用浸叶法评价了w=97%毒死蜱和w=80.7%乐果对华南地区家蚕种“9·芙”（二龄起蚕）的急性毒性效应，根据其毒性范围进行分级，并系统观察了2种杀虫剂处理蚕后的中毒症状。结果表明：采用浸叶法测得的毒死蜱和乐果对“9·芙”蚕的96 h半数致死质量浓度（LC50）分别为2.0 mg·L-1和＞400 mg·L-1，根据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》，毒死蜱和乐果对“9·芙”蚕分属高毒和低毒药剂。“9·芙”蚕对毒死蜱和乐果的敏感性与其他研究中不同地区蚕种的敏感性具有一定的相似性，且对2种杀虫剂的急性中毒症状具有一定的共性，为典型的有机磷农药中毒症状。蚕因毒死蜱中毒后的症状表现得更为迅速。由此可见，“9·芙”蚕可作为我国农药环境安全性评价中的供试蚕种；毒死蜱属于高毒农药，对于“9·芙”蚕可能存在高风险性，在实际施用中需严格控制施药方式和施药时期；乐果虽属低毒农药，但依然可引起“9·芙”蚕出现中毒效应，在实际施用中也需谨慎对待。
　　“9·부”（Bombyx mori L.9·Fu）작위화남지구사양적주요가잠충，고찰엄범사용적유궤린농약독사비화악과대우“9·부”잠적독성화안전성구유중요적경제의의화생태학의의。근거배보부《화학농약배경안전평개시험준칙》적요구，수차채용침협법평개료w=97%독사비화w=80.7%악과대화남지구가잠충“9·부”（이령기잠）적급성독성효응，근거기독성범위진행분급，병계통관찰료2충살충제처리잠후적중독증상。결과표명：채용침협법측득적독사비화악과대“9·부”잠적96 h반수치사질량농도（LC50）분별위2.0 mg·L-1화＞400 mg·L-1，근거《화학농약배경안전평개시험준칙》，독사비화악과대“9·부”잠분속고독화저독약제。“9·부”잠대독사비화악과적민감성여기타연구중불동지구잠충적민감성구유일정적상사성，차대2충살충제적급성중독증상구유일정적공성，위전형적유궤린농약중독증상。잠인독사비중독후적증상표현득경위신속。유차가견，“9·부”잠가작위아국농약배경안전성평개중적공시잠충；독사비속우고독농약，대우“9·부”잠가능존재고풍험성，재실제시용중수엄격공제시약방식화시약시기；악과수속저독농약，단의연가인기“9·부”잠출현중독효응，재실제시용중야수근신대대。
As the main silkworm variety in south China, Bombyx mori L. 9·Fu was used as the testing organism to evaluate the toxicities of the widely used organophosphorus pesticides: chlorpyrifos and dimethoate. Firstly, the acute toxicity effects of 97% chlorpyrifos and 80.7% dimethoate on Bombyx mori L. 9·Fu (the second instar larvae) were evaluated by using the leaf dipping method. The grade was compartmentalized according as toxicity scope and the toxic symptoms of silkworms were systematically observed after treatment with these two pesticides. According to the Experimental Criterion for Environmental Safety Assessment of Chemical Pesticide, the 96h median lethal concentration (LC50) of chlorpyrifos to Bombyx mori L. 9·Fu was 2.0 mg·L-1, belonging to high toxicity grade, while the 96 h-LC50 of dimethoate was greater than 400 mg·L-1, belonging to low toxicity grade. The sensitivities of Bombyx mori L. 9·Fu to chlorpyrifos and dimethoate were consistent with those of other local silkworm varieties reported in different studies. Typical symptoms of organphosphorus pesticide poisoning were observed in these tests, and more quick responses were detected when chlorpyrifos was used. These results suggest that Bombyx mori L. 9·Fu can serve as the testing organism for the environmental safety assessment of pesticide in our country. Chlorpyrifos might have high risk to Bombyx mori L. 9·Fu and strict controls should be taken on its application way and period. Although dimethoate belongs to low toxicity grade, it can still cause the toxic effects on Bombyx mori L. 9·Fu and should be treated cautiously.