CAJ | 학술논문

重金属的有效性是进行重金属污染研究的关键内容，也是进行危险性评估的重要基础。对土壤重金属的有效性进行风险评估是制定、修订食品安全标准和对食品安全实施监督管理的科学依据。由于重金属有效性受多种因素的影响，且有效态重金属的转化机理十分复杂，因此其分析方法和手段多种多样且具有很大的发展空间和研究意义。本文详细论述和总结了各种重金属有效性评估方法：包括总量法、化学提取法、淋洗法等物理化学评估法，植物指示法、微生物指示法等生物学评价法，以及陆地生物配体模型等模型综合评价法。同时，介绍了各种评估方法在重金属有效性评估中的应用，评述各种方法的研究现状并比较了其各自在有效性评估中的优缺点，探讨了其未来可能的发展趋势。
중금속적유효성시진행중금속오염연구적관건내용，야시진행위험성평고적중요기출。대토양중금속적유효성진행풍험평고시제정、수정식품안전표준화대식품안전실시감독관리적과학의거。유우중금속유효성수다충인소적영향，차유효태중금속적전화궤리십분복잡，인차기분석방법화수단다충다양차구유흔대적발전공간화연구의의。본문상세논술화총결료각충중금속유효성평고방법：포괄총량법、화학제취법、림세법등물이화학평고법，식물지시법、미생물지시법등생물학평개법，이급륙지생물배체모형등모형종합평개법。동시，개소료각충평고방법재중금속유효성평고중적응용，평술각충방법적연구현상병비교료기각자재유효성평고중적우결점，탐토료기미래가능적발전추세。
The effectiveness of the heavy metal is a key part of pollution research and an important basis of the risk assessment. Assessing the effectiveness of heavy metal in soils is also the scientific basis of revising food safety standards and the implementation of food safety supervision and management. Because of the com-plexity of the validity of heavy metals which is affected by many factors, there are more development space and research significance in analytic methods and means. In this paper, the application of kinds of methods used for assessing the effectiveness of the heavy metal was discussed in detail and summarized, including totalizing method, chemical extraction, leaching method, phytoindicating, microbe indicated method, and model method, etc. In the last, some important research fields were recommended.