中国医药
中國醫藥
중국의약
CHINA MEDICINE
2013年
3期
401-402
,共2页
狂犬病%传染病%临床特征%预防
狂犬病%傳染病%臨床特徵%預防
광견병%전염병%림상특정%예방
Rabies%Communicable diseases%Clinical features%Prevention
目的 分析上海近年狂犬病的流行病学及临床特征,为狂犬病的防治提供参考.方法 收集我中心2005年1月至2011年12月收治的32例狂犬病病例,对其流行病学和临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 32例狂犬病传染源均为犬,家犬占50％；咬伤部位以手及前臂为主,占58.4％(21例)；24例(75.0％)患者的暴露程度为Ⅲ度；职业分布以农民和工人为主(20例,62.5％)；进行疫苗接种者仅有21.9％(7例)；潜伏期最短20 d,最长10年,其中＜3个月者21例(65.6％).临床表现主要有恐水、狂躁、发热、怕风、流涎、咽肌痉挛、怕光和伤口处感觉异常等；病程平均为(4±3)d,均给予对症支持治疗,患者病死率100％.结论 上海市狂犬病的防治工作依然严峻,预防是控制狂犬病的重要措施,防治重点应在周边区县和外来人口聚集区域；预防措施主要包括积极进行犬只管理,加强宣教,指导临床医师和民众做好暴露后伤口的及时正确处理和疫苗接种等.
目的 分析上海近年狂犬病的流行病學及臨床特徵,為狂犬病的防治提供參攷.方法 收集我中心2005年1月至2011年12月收治的32例狂犬病病例,對其流行病學和臨床資料進行迴顧性分析.結果 32例狂犬病傳染源均為犬,傢犬佔50％；咬傷部位以手及前臂為主,佔58.4％(21例)；24例(75.0％)患者的暴露程度為Ⅲ度；職業分佈以農民和工人為主(20例,62.5％)；進行疫苗接種者僅有21.9％(7例)；潛伏期最短20 d,最長10年,其中＜3箇月者21例(65.6％).臨床錶現主要有恐水、狂躁、髮熱、怕風、流涎、嚥肌痙攣、怕光和傷口處感覺異常等；病程平均為(4±3)d,均給予對癥支持治療,患者病死率100％.結論 上海市狂犬病的防治工作依然嚴峻,預防是控製狂犬病的重要措施,防治重點應在週邊區縣和外來人口聚集區域；預防措施主要包括積極進行犬隻管理,加彊宣教,指導臨床醫師和民衆做好暴露後傷口的及時正確處理和疫苗接種等.
목적 분석상해근년광견병적류행병학급림상특정,위광견병적방치제공삼고.방법 수집아중심2005년1월지2011년12월수치적32례광견병병례,대기류행병학화림상자료진행회고성분석.결과 32례광견병전염원균위견,가견점50％；교상부위이수급전비위주,점58.4％(21례)；24례(75.0％)환자적폭로정도위Ⅲ도；직업분포이농민화공인위주(20례,62.5％)；진행역묘접충자부유21.9％(7례)；잠복기최단20 d,최장10년,기중＜3개월자21례(65.6％).림상표현주요유공수、광조、발열、파풍、류연、인기경련、파광화상구처감각이상등；병정평균위(4±3)d,균급여대증지지치료,환자병사솔100％.결론 상해시광견병적방치공작의연엄준,예방시공제광견병적중요조시,방치중점응재주변구현화외래인구취집구역；예방조시주요포괄적겁진행견지관리,가강선교,지도림상의사화민음주호폭로후상구적급시정학처리화역묘접충등.
Objective To analyze epidemiological and clinical features of rabies in Shanghai and to provide reference data for the prevention and treatment of rabies.Methods Thirty-two cases of rabies were collected from January 2005 to December 2011.The epidemiological and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results The source of infection of all patients were dogs and domestic dogs accounted for 50％.The majority site of bite was hand and forearm,accounting for 58.4％.Seventy-five percentage of the patients were grade Ⅲ exposure and 62.5％ were farmers and workers.Only 7 patients were vaccinated after exposure.Incubation period of most cases(65.6％)were less than 3 months.Clinical features were fear of water,manic,fever,fear of the wind,salivation,pharyngeal muscle spasm,photophobia,and wound paresthesia,with the average duration of (4 ± 3) days.Symptomatic and supportive therapies were mainly used and mortality rate was 100％.Conclusions The prevention and control work of rabies is still serious in Shanghai.Prevention is an important measure to control rabies and the focus should put on suburbs and the area where floating population gathered.Preventive measures include active dog management,strengthening health education,guiding clinicians and the public to make timely and correct treatment of the wound after exposure and vaccination.
