CAJ | 학술논문

目的：探讨重症监护病房（ICU）合并急性肾损伤（AKI）患者的预后及相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2006年9月至2011年9月入住大连医科大学附属第一医院ICU的862例患者临床资料，根据急性肾损伤网络（AKIN）标准诊断分期，收集人口学资料、肾功能、尿量、血清钾、APACHEⅡ评分评估脏器衰竭程度及血液净化治疗方式等临床资料，应用logistic回归和COX回归分析影响患者生存和预后的相关危险因素。结果 ICU中有26.8%（231/862）患者出现AKI，其首位基础病因是重症感染，占28.5%（66/231）。862例ICU患者中共有419例死亡，其中合并AKI的患者病死率为71.0%（164/231），明显高于无AKI患者（40.4%，255/631）。患者病死率与血清肌酐（Scr）水平、治疗前后Scr差值、AKI初发时间、AKI分期、衰竭脏器数量及APACHEⅡ评分均呈正相关。连续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）后患者的APACHEⅡ评分、平均动脉压（MAP）、Scr、血尿素氮（BUN）、尿量及血钾水平均较治疗前有明显改善，但与患者病死率无显著相关性。多因素回归分析显示治疗后高血钾（OR =4.282，95%CI 1.519~12.070）、高APACHEⅡ评分（OR=1.318，95%CI 1.192~1.457）是AKI患者死亡的独立危险因素，而高MAP（OR =0.972，95%CI 0.946~0.999）则是保护因素。COX多因素回归分析表明治疗后Scr、衰竭脏器数量及APACHEⅡ评分均是影响AKI患者生存时间的独立影响因素，而CRRT则是保护因素。结论 ICU患者的AKI患病率高，发生AKI后患者病死率增高，治疗后高血钾、高APACHEⅡ评分和低MAP是AKI患者死亡的独立危险因素。CRRT能够延长ICU患者住院期间的生存时间，但与AKI患者的病死率无显著相关性。
목적：탐토중증감호병방（ICU）합병급성신손상（AKI）환자적예후급상관위험인소。방법회고성분석2006년9월지2011년9월입주대련의과대학부속제일의원ICU적862례환자림상자료，근거급성신손상망락（AKIN）표준진단분기，수집인구학자료、신공능、뇨량、혈청갑、APACHEⅡ평분평고장기쇠갈정도급혈액정화치료방식등림상자료，응용logistic회귀화COX회귀분석영향환자생존화예후적상관위험인소。결과 ICU중유26.8%（231/862）환자출현AKI，기수위기출병인시중증감염，점28.5%（66/231）。862례ICU환자중공유419례사망，기중합병AKI적환자병사솔위71.0%（164/231），명현고우무AKI환자（40.4%，255/631）。환자병사솔여혈청기항（Scr）수평、치료전후Scr차치、AKI초발시간、AKI분기、쇠갈장기수량급APACHEⅡ평분균정정상관。련속성신장체대치료（CRRT）후환자적APACHEⅡ평분、평균동맥압（MAP）、Scr、혈뇨소담（BUN）、뇨량급혈갑수평균교치료전유명현개선，단여환자병사솔무현저상관성。다인소회귀분석현시치료후고혈갑（OR =4.282，95%CI 1.519~12.070）、고APACHEⅡ평분（OR=1.318，95%CI 1.192~1.457）시AKI환자사망적독립위험인소，이고MAP（OR =0.972，95%CI 0.946~0.999）칙시보호인소。COX다인소회귀분석표명치료후Scr、쇠갈장기수량급APACHEⅡ평분균시영향AKI환자생존시간적독립영향인소，이CRRT칙시보호인소。결론 ICU환자적AKI환병솔고，발생AKI후환자병사솔증고，치료후고혈갑、고APACHEⅡ평분화저MAP시AKI환자사망적독립위험인소。CRRT능구연장ICU환자주원기간적생존시간，단여AKI환자적병사솔무현저상관성。
ObjectiveTo assess the prognosis and risk factors of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 862 patients in the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from September 2006 to September 2011.AKI were defined by Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. The clinical data were collected including demography, renal function, urine output, serum potassium, APACHEⅡscore, and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) treatment scheme. Logistic regression and COX regression were used to analyze the risk factors relevant to prognosis and survival of the patients.Results26.8% of patients (231/862) developed AKI, the leading cause of which was severe infection (28.5%, 66/231). The all-cause mortality of ICU patients was 48.6% (419/862). The mortality was higher in patients of AKI than in non-AKI patients [71.0% (164/231) vs. 40.4% (255/631)]. Moreover, the mortality increased with primary serum creatinine (Scr), the changes of Scr before and after the treatment, the onset time of AKI, the severity of AKI, the number of organs involved, and the APACHEⅡscore. There were significant improvements in AKI patients after CRRT, including APACHEⅡscore, mean artery pressure (MAP), Scr, blood urea nitrogen, urine output, and serum potassium. But the mortality was irrelevant to whether CRRT was used or not. Logistic analysis showed that hyperkalemia (OR = 4.282, 95%CI = 1.519-12.070), high APACHEⅡscore (OR = 1.318,95%CI = 1.192-1.457) were the independent risk factors for mortality, while higher MAP was associated with lower mortality (OR = 0.972, 95%CI = 0.946-0.999). Cox regression analysis indicated that the number of organs involved and APACHEⅡscore were influencing factors for the survival time of patients, and CRRT was associated with long survival time.Conclusion ICU patients had higher incidence and mortality of AKI. Hyperkalemia, higher APACHEⅡscores and lower MAP after treatment were the risk factors for mortality of AKI patients. Though CRRT was not beneficial to AKI, it could improve the survival time of patients during the hospitalization.