CAJ | 학술논문

简要综述近年来分子筛的多级孔道构建以及形貌调控等方面的研究进展，主要包括：采用模板法、沸石骨架控制溶出法以及双连续大孔硅铝干凝胶整体材料的气相转晶法等合成许多种类的多级孔沸石分子筛；分析表征了多级孔分子筛材料的孔结构与酸性特点。结果表明，多级孔分子筛中的介孔与微孔是连通的，多级孔道结构可以让更多的酸中心“暴露”出来，使其外表面酸中心数量远高于常规分子筛，并且造成其B酸减少和L酸增加；探讨了多级孔催化材料中扩散与催化性能之间的关联，结果显示，多级孔的存在有利于大分子的扩散及催化转化，提高较大分子产物的选择性和提高催化剂的抗积炭能力，并延缓催化剂的失活。
간요종술근년래분자사적다급공도구건이급형모조공등방면적연구진전，주요포괄：채용모판법、비석골가공제용출법이급쌍련속대공규려간응효정체재료적기상전정법등합성허다충류적다급공비석분자사；분석표정료다급공분자사재료적공결구여산성특점。결과표명，다급공분자사중적개공여미공시련통적，다급공도결구가이양경다적산중심“폭로”출래，사기외표면산중심수량원고우상규분자사，병차조성기B산감소화L산증가；탐토료다급공최화재료중확산여최화성능지간적관련，결과현시，다급공적존재유리우대분자적확산급최화전화，제고교대분자산물적선택성화제고최화제적항적탄능력，병연완최화제적실활。
In this paper, recent researches progress on construction of hierarchical porosity and morphology control of zeolite materials were briefly reviewed: Firstly, various kinds of preparation methods of hierarchical porous zeolites were introduced, such as muti-templates method, controlled corrosion on zeolite framework, and dry gel conversion method on bi-continuous macroporous silica-aluminal monolith, etc. Then, characteristics of hierarchical porous zeolite materials, such as pore connection and acidity, were studied. It was shown that the mesopores and micropores inside hierarchical porous zeolite were well connected, more acid sites were accessible as well as more acid sites on external surface than conventional zeolite, and hierarchical porosity also accounted for the decrease of B acid and increase of L acid. Finally, the relationship between the hierarchical porosity and their catalytic performances were discussed. It was revealed that hierarchical porosity was of benefit to the catalytic conversion of relative larger molecular reactants, selectivity of larger molecular products, and anti-coke properties, which would postpone the deactivation of such zeolitic catalytic materials.