海洋学报（中文版）
海洋學報（中文版）
해양학보（중문판）
ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA
2013年
6期
162-169
,共8页
感染性肠道病毒%细胞培养结合实时定量 PCR%渤海湾%表层海水
感染性腸道病毒%細胞培養結閤實時定量 PCR%渤海灣%錶層海水
감염성장도병독%세포배양결합실시정량 PCR%발해만%표층해수
infectious enterovirus%cell culture techniques and quantitative PCR%Bohai Bay%surface seaw ater
肠道病毒是一类水传播胃肠道疾病的重要病原体。为了解感染性肠道病毒在海水环境中的季节分布规律、污染类型以及与流行病学的关系，于2010年12月到2011年10月应用能够提供病毒感染性信息的细胞培养结合实时定量 PCR（ICC-qPCR）方法，分4个季节对渤海湾天津近岸海域表层海水中肠道病毒进行了监测。500 mL海水经超滤浓缩，48 h细胞培养，然后用qPCR检测得到四季海水样品中感染性肠道病毒的浓度为0.2～196 PFU/L ，平均值为60 PFU/L ，其中夏季和秋季肠道病毒浓度较高，其平均值分别为82 PFU/L和110 PFU/L。秋季阳性检出率最高（85.7％），其次是冬季（71.4％）。经测序分析，其主要污染类型是脊髓灰质炎Ⅰ型疫苗株，此外，还检测出危及公众健康的一株类口服脊灰Ⅰ型疫苗脊灰和一株脊灰疫苗衍生株。由此可见，肠道病毒的季节分布和主要污染类型与临床上的流行趋势基本一致，海洋作为一个天然的受纳水体为病毒提供了良好的栖息场所和传播机会，对公众健康存在着潜在的威胁。因此，为减少相关疾病的暴发，应重点加强肠道病毒流行季节的海洋水质监测。
腸道病毒是一類水傳播胃腸道疾病的重要病原體。為瞭解感染性腸道病毒在海水環境中的季節分佈規律、汙染類型以及與流行病學的關繫，于2010年12月到2011年10月應用能夠提供病毒感染性信息的細胞培養結閤實時定量 PCR（ICC-qPCR）方法，分4箇季節對渤海灣天津近岸海域錶層海水中腸道病毒進行瞭鑑測。500 mL海水經超濾濃縮，48 h細胞培養，然後用qPCR檢測得到四季海水樣品中感染性腸道病毒的濃度為0.2～196 PFU/L ，平均值為60 PFU/L ，其中夏季和鞦季腸道病毒濃度較高，其平均值分彆為82 PFU/L和110 PFU/L。鞦季暘性檢齣率最高（85.7％），其次是鼕季（71.4％）。經測序分析，其主要汙染類型是脊髓灰質炎Ⅰ型疫苗株，此外，還檢測齣危及公衆健康的一株類口服脊灰Ⅰ型疫苗脊灰和一株脊灰疫苗衍生株。由此可見，腸道病毒的季節分佈和主要汙染類型與臨床上的流行趨勢基本一緻，海洋作為一箇天然的受納水體為病毒提供瞭良好的棲息場所和傳播機會，對公衆健康存在著潛在的威脅。因此，為減少相關疾病的暴髮，應重點加彊腸道病毒流行季節的海洋水質鑑測。
장도병독시일류수전파위장도질병적중요병원체。위료해감염성장도병독재해수배경중적계절분포규률、오염류형이급여류행병학적관계，우2010년12월도2011년10월응용능구제공병독감염성신식적세포배양결합실시정량 PCR（ICC-qPCR）방법，분4개계절대발해만천진근안해역표층해수중장도병독진행료감측。500 mL해수경초려농축，48 h세포배양，연후용qPCR검측득도사계해수양품중감염성장도병독적농도위0.2～196 PFU/L ，평균치위60 PFU/L ，기중하계화추계장도병독농도교고，기평균치분별위82 PFU/L화110 PFU/L。추계양성검출솔최고（85.7％），기차시동계（71.4％）。경측서분석，기주요오염류형시척수회질염Ⅰ형역묘주，차외，환검측출위급공음건강적일주류구복척회Ⅰ형역묘척회화일주척회역묘연생주。유차가견，장도병독적계절분포화주요오염류형여림상상적류행추세기본일치，해양작위일개천연적수납수체위병독제공료량호적서식장소화전파궤회，대공음건강존재착잠재적위협。인차，위감소상관질병적폭발，응중점가강장도병독류행계절적해양수질감측。
Enteroviruses are one of the main agents of water-borne gastroenteritis .In order to learn the relationship between seasonal distribution as well as pollution type of infectious enterovirus and epidemiology ,the integration of cell culture techniques and quantitative PCR (ICC-qPCR) was employed ,surface seawater samples were seasonally collected from November 2010 to October 2011 to identify the contamination by infectious enteroviruses in winter seawater samples of Bohai Bay ,Tianjin ,China .500 mL seawater was concentrated ,cultivated for 48h ,and then quantified by qPCR .The concentration of infectious enteroviruses were estimated at 0.2~196 PFU/L ,average value was 60 PFU/L .During the four seasons ,the concentration of enteroviruses in Summer and Autumn were 82 PFU/L and 110 PFU/L ,respectively ,which were much higher than the other two seasons .While the positive rate in Autumn is highest (85.7% ) ,followed by Winter (71.4% ) .The main contaminated type was characterized as poliovirusⅠvaccine strains by sequencing .Besides ,there were two strains of OPV-like Poliovirus TypeⅠand vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) .These results presented that the seasonal distribution and the main pollution types of enteroviruses were almost the same as epidemiology .Therefore ,the ocean as the natural container of sewage , which provides a good opportunity for virus to survive and spread .There was a potential threat to public health .In order to avoid disease breaking out ,the monitoring of enteroviruses in marine during epidemic season must be strengthened .
