海洋学报（中文版）
海洋學報（中文版）
해양학보（중문판）
ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA
2013年
6期
140-146
,共7页
迟旭朋%游奎%马彩华%袁韵涵%陈四淸%杨叶蕃%刘心田
遲旭朋%遊奎%馬綵華%袁韻涵%陳四淸%楊葉蕃%劉心田
지욱붕%유규%마채화%원운함%진사청%양협번%류심전
海月水母%海蜇%幼体%种间竞争
海月水母%海蜇%幼體%種間競爭
해월수모%해철%유체%충간경쟁
A urelia aurita%Rhop ilema esculentum%larvae%interspecific competition
近年来海蜇池塘养殖业的兴起，补充了传统海蜇渔业捕捞生产的不足，推动了海蜇产业的迅猛发展。海月水母常常在海蜇养殖池塘中泛滥成灾，对海蜇养殖业常常造成很大损失，但关于海蜇与海月水母的种间竞争关系尚缺乏研究。本文对海月水母与海蜇的螅状体、碟状体及水母体幼体相互之间的短期生存竞争关系进行了初步观察研究。结果表明：除海月水母碟状体可以被海蜇螅状体所捕食外，各种类型的海蜇幼体基本不能对海月水母幼体造成危害。但海月水母螅状体及其水母体幼体对海蜇幼体均存在一定的危害性，尤其是对海蜇碟状体的危害性最为严重，在饵料缺乏的情况下海蜇碟状体可以100％地被捕食。随着海蜇幼体的生长，其对于海月水母危害的抵抗力逐渐增强。本研究显示海月水母相对于海蜇而言，在幼体种间竞争关系中处于绝对优势，这是海月水母时常暴发成灾的一个重要因素。在海蜇池塘养殖生产及苗种培育过程中，应当严禁混入海月水母幼体，以避免对海蜇养殖生产造成损害。
近年來海蜇池塘養殖業的興起，補充瞭傳統海蜇漁業捕撈生產的不足，推動瞭海蜇產業的迅猛髮展。海月水母常常在海蜇養殖池塘中汎濫成災，對海蜇養殖業常常造成很大損失，但關于海蜇與海月水母的種間競爭關繫尚缺乏研究。本文對海月水母與海蜇的螅狀體、碟狀體及水母體幼體相互之間的短期生存競爭關繫進行瞭初步觀察研究。結果錶明：除海月水母碟狀體可以被海蜇螅狀體所捕食外，各種類型的海蜇幼體基本不能對海月水母幼體造成危害。但海月水母螅狀體及其水母體幼體對海蜇幼體均存在一定的危害性，尤其是對海蜇碟狀體的危害性最為嚴重，在餌料缺乏的情況下海蜇碟狀體可以100％地被捕食。隨著海蜇幼體的生長，其對于海月水母危害的牴抗力逐漸增彊。本研究顯示海月水母相對于海蜇而言，在幼體種間競爭關繫中處于絕對優勢，這是海月水母時常暴髮成災的一箇重要因素。在海蜇池塘養殖生產及苗種培育過程中，應噹嚴禁混入海月水母幼體，以避免對海蜇養殖生產造成損害。
근년래해철지당양식업적흥기，보충료전통해철어업포로생산적불족，추동료해철산업적신맹발전。해월수모상상재해철양식지당중범람성재，대해철양식업상상조성흔대손실，단관우해철여해월수모적충간경쟁관계상결핍연구。본문대해월수모여해철적실상체、설상체급수모체유체상호지간적단기생존경쟁관계진행료초보관찰연구。결과표명：제해월수모설상체가이피해철실상체소포식외，각충류형적해철유체기본불능대해월수모유체조성위해。단해월수모실상체급기수모체유체대해철유체균존재일정적위해성，우기시대해철설상체적위해성최위엄중，재이료결핍적정황하해철설상체가이100％지피포식。수착해철유체적생장，기대우해월수모위해적저항력축점증강。본연구현시해월수모상대우해철이언，재유체충간경쟁관계중처우절대우세，저시해월수모시상폭발성재적일개중요인소。재해철지당양식생산급묘충배육과정중，응당엄금혼입해월수모유체，이피면대해철양식생산조성손해。
In recent years ,the rise of the jellyfish pond culture covers the decrease of the traditional jellyfish fisheries production in China .And jellyfish pond cultures develop rapidly with high profits . A urelia aurita is one of the most common jellyfish bloom species which usually occurs in the culture ponds of edible jellyfish Rhopilema escu-lentum and causes huge losses .However ,there is little research about the interspecific competition between A .au-rita and R .esculentum .In this paper ,a preliminary study was finished about the short-term survival and competi-tive relationship among the scyphistomae ,ephyrae and larvae of A .aurita and R .esculentum .The results are as follows:Only the ephyraes of A .aurita can be eaten by the scyphistomae of R .esculentum ,but the ephyrae and larvae of A .aurita can not be harmed by the ephyrae or larvae of R .esculentum .On the contrary ,the scyphis-tomae or larvae of A .aurita were harmful to the scyphistomae ,ephyrae and larvae of R .esculentum .Especially the ephyrae of R .esculentum could be seriously injured .When there were shortages of food ,all the ephyrae of R .es-culentum were eaten .With the growth of jellyfish larvae ,they gradually increase resistance to the preying pressure from predators .During the scyphistomae ,ephyrae and larvae stages ,A .aurita is absolutely superior to R .esculen-tum .In other words ,it could be an important reason that A .aurita often bloomed in many sea areas and culture ponds .In the process of edible jellyfish R .esculentum culturing and seedling raising ,the scyphistomae ,ephyrae and larvae of A .aurita should not be mixed ,in order to avoid the production losses of edible jellyfish .
