CAJ | 학술논문

元素的形态分析在环境和生物分析中极其重要，因为元素在生物体内的作用及其代谢过程在很大程度上取决于元素存在的化学形态，而不仅仅是元素的总量。形态分析是指测定样品中构成元素总量的单独物理化学形式的浓度。最先进的形态分析方法是色谱分离和光谱检测的联用技术，特别是色谱和电感耦合等离子-质谱（IC P-M S ）的联用。但是，联用技术的设备投入大、运行成本高，难以在常规实验室中的推广应用。在许多情况下，采用非色谱分离方法对样品进行处理，也可以得到足够的元素形态信息。基于非色谱分离、原子光谱测定的元素形态分析方法的费用低、操作简单、易于推广应用。本文总结了元素形态分析的样品前处理方法，综述了基于原子光谱法的元素形态分析中比较常用的非色谱分离技术，对溶剂萃取、浊点萃取、单滴微萃取、分散液液萃取等分离技术的原理、应用和优缺点进行了评述，介绍了固相萃取中常用的吸附剂及其在元素形态分离中的应用，以及氢化物发生、共沉淀等分离方法。相比于色谱分离方法，非色谱方法是快速、灵敏、廉价的分离技术。
원소적형태분석재배경화생물분석중겁기중요，인위원소재생물체내적작용급기대사과정재흔대정도상취결우원소존재적화학형태，이불부부시원소적총량。형태분석시지측정양품중구성원소총량적단독물이화학형식적농도。최선진적형태분석방법시색보분리화광보검측적련용기술，특별시색보화전감우합등리자-질보（IC P-M S ）적련용。단시，련용기술적설비투입대、운행성본고，난이재상규실험실중적추엄응용。재허다정황하，채용비색보분리방법대양품진행처리，야가이득도족구적원소형태신식。기우비색보분리、원자광보측정적원소형태분석방법적비용저、조작간단、역우추엄응용。본문총결료원소형태분석적양품전처리방법，종술료기우원자광보법적원소형태분석중비교상용적비색보분리기술，대용제췌취、탁점췌취、단적미췌취、분산액액췌취등분리기술적원리、응용화우결점진행료평술，개소료고상췌취중상용적흡부제급기재원소형태분리중적응용，이급경화물발생、공침정등분리방법。상비우색보분리방법，비색보방법시쾌속、령민、렴개적분리기술。
The main purpose of the present work is to review the different non-chromatographic methods for the speciation analy-sis of trace elements in geological ,environmental ,biological and medical areas .In this paper ,the sample processing methods in speciation analysis were summarized ,and the main strategies for non-chromatographic technique were evaluated .The basic prin-ciples of the liquid extractions proposed in the published literatures recently and their advantages and disadvantages were dis-cussed ,such as conventional solvent extraction ,cloud point extraction ,single droplet microextraction ,and dispersive liquid-liq-uid microextraction .Solid phase extraction ,as a non-chromatographic technique for speciation analysis ,can be used in batch or in flow detection ,and especially suitable for the online connection to atomic spectrometric detector .The developments and appli-cations of sorbent materials filled in the columns of solid phase extraction were reviewed .The sorbents include chelating resins , nanometer materials ,molecular and ion imprinted materials ,and bio-sorbents .Other techniques ,e .g .hydride generation tech-nique and coprecipitation ,were also reviewed together with their main applications .