CAJ | 학술논문

航天器解体模型用于描述航天器因爆炸或碰撞解体所产生碎片的数量、尺寸、面质比以及速度等特性的分布规律，对于空间碎片环境建模与演化、空间碎片撞击风险评估及空间解体事件分析具有重要意义。分析了目前广泛使用的NASA标准解体模型的特点，介绍了近年来国内外在航天器解体模型方面的研究进展。国外的研究主要介绍了日本九州大学和德国EMI实验室开展的卫星撞击试验以及NASA最近启动的新一轮卫星撞击研究项目。国内的研究主要介绍中国空气动力研究与发展中心（CARDC ）开展的卫星撞击试验和仿真研究，以及在此基础上发展的CARDC-SBM航天器碰撞解体模型，并比较分析了该模型与 NASA 标准解体模型的差别。对当前航天器解体模型研究存在的不足进行了分析，提出了下一步应关注的研究方向。
항천기해체모형용우묘술항천기인폭작혹팽당해체소산생쇄편적수량、척촌、면질비이급속도등특성적분포규률，대우공간쇄편배경건모여연화、공간쇄편당격풍험평고급공간해체사건분석구유중요의의。분석료목전엄범사용적NASA표준해체모형적특점，개소료근년래국내외재항천기해체모형방면적연구진전。국외적연구주요개소료일본구주대학화덕국EMI실험실개전적위성당격시험이급NASA최근계동적신일륜위성당격연구항목。국내적연구주요개소중국공기동력연구여발전중심（CARDC ）개전적위성당격시험화방진연구，이급재차기출상발전적CARDC-SBM항천기팽당해체모형，병비교분석료해모형여 NASA 표준해체모형적차별。대당전항천기해체모형연구존재적불족진행료분석，제출료하일보응관주적연구방향。
Spacecraft breakup model is used to describe the distributions of number,size,are-a-to-mass ratio and velocity increment of debris produced in spacecraft fragmentation due to ex-plosion or impact.It is important for space debris environment modeling,impact risk assessment and emergency breakup events analysis.The basic forms and features of NASA standard breakup model which is widely used currently are introduced.The shortcomings of this model revealed in typical satellite impact events are analyzed.The main research advances on spacecraft breakup modeling aimed to improve and revise the current model in recent years are introduced.These re-search advances include the small satellite impact tests conducted by Kyushu University,the cube satellite impact tests and numerical simulations performed by Ernst-Mach Institute,and NASA’ s new satellite impact project started in 2011,in which a high fidelity satellite named DebrisSat will be manufactured and impacted.The spacecraft breakup model in China is focused on the studies performed by China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC).A series impact tests of simulated satellites in different size and mass are conducted and numerical analysis for more than twenty fragmentation cases are finished.A new spacecraft impact breakup model named CARDC-SBM is constructed based on these test and numerical results.The differences be-tween CARDC-SBM model and NASA standard breakup model are presented in this paper.The problems and disadvantages in these current breakup model studies are analyzed,then the future research focused,such as the effect of impact conditions and the influence of different space mate-rials,is indicated.