CAJ | 학술논문

蛋白质生物塑料力学性能差是影响其商业化的主要因素。本文介绍了提高蛋白质生物塑料力学性能的几种手段，即蛋白质失活、生物纤维增强、与合成/天然可降解高分子共混、纳米复合增强等4个方面对提高其性能的有效性。对影响蛋白质失活的主要因素，即改变环境 pH 值、添加尿素、无机盐及交联剂等做了详细分析。对多种天然植物纤维的增强效果以及如何增强植物纤维在聚合物基体中的分散性、与其相容性等分别做了介绍。对多种纳米材料，如纳米纤维素、层状硅酸盐、碳纳米管/石墨烯等的增强效果也做了介绍。最后提出今后发展方向为：①提高蛋白质生物塑料的性能可控性，即兼顾可生物降解性与提高力学性能、延长使用寿命；②高性能化研究，以使蛋白质生物塑料满足某些特殊要求；③拓展蛋白质新来源。
단백질생물소료역학성능차시영향기상업화적주요인소。본문개소료제고단백질생물소료역학성능적궤충수단，즉단백질실활、생물섬유증강、여합성/천연가강해고분자공혼、납미복합증강등4개방면대제고기성능적유효성。대영향단백질실활적주요인소，즉개변배경 pH 치、첨가뇨소、무궤염급교련제등주료상세분석。대다충천연식물섬유적증강효과이급여하증강식물섬유재취합물기체중적분산성、여기상용성등분별주료개소。대다충납미재료，여납미섬유소、층상규산염、탄납미관/석묵희등적증강효과야주료개소。최후제출금후발전방향위：①제고단백질생물소료적성능가공성，즉겸고가생물강해성여제고역학성능、연장사용수명；②고성능화연구，이사단백질생물소료만족모사특수요구；③탁전단백질신래원。
Protein-based bioplastics (PBBs),as a novel family of biodegradable plastics,have attracted increasing attentions thanks to their noticeable advantages in that they could be biodegraded completely and used by consumers in an environmentally friendly manner. However,PBBs are prone to be brittle under stress and their mechanical properties are inferior to their synthetic counterparts, which severely limits the commercialization of PBBs. Fortunately,numerous methods have been applied to overcoming these obstacles and have been found to be,in most cases,effective and successful. This paper summarizes four methodologies for improvement of mechanical properties of PBBs,namely protein denaturation,biofiber reinforcement,blends with synthetic/natural degradable polymers,and nanocomposites. Firstly,different factors influencing protein denaturation are analyzed, including pH value,addition of urea,inorganic salt,and cross-linking agents. Then,both the efficiency of mechanical properties improvement by incorporating natural plant fiber into protein matrix and the related fiber dispersion and compatibility between them are introduced. Next,the reinforcement efficiency of nano-sized fillers (nano whiskers/crystals,layered silicates,carbon nanotubes or grapheme) for mechanical enhancement is introduced. Finally,the future research trends are presented:① Controllable design of PBBs with combined and balanced properties such as biodegradable and mechanical properties,and the extension of service life;② Value-added applications with desired functions,and ③ Exploring new protein resources.