CAJ | 학술논문

明确灌水器内部水流和颗粒物运动特性是解决灌水器堵塞问题的关键。但由于灌水器结构复杂、流道狭小、外观不透明性，测试其内部临界尺度流体流动情况难度很大。目前还鲜见有灌水器内部水沙两相流动全场测试的研究报道。因此，该文提出了一种灌水器简化模型和一种流道透明模型加工方法，并应用改进的数字粒子图像测速（DPIV，digital particle image velocimetry）测试系统可视化了灌水器内部流动特征和颗粒的运动特性，结果表明：灌水器内部流动为紊流状态，灌水器工作压力升高并未改变灌水器内部流动形态、涡的分布位置、流线密集程度以及颗粒物跟随性；相同工作压力条件下，颗粒物最大速度随着颗粒粒径的增大而减小，但不同粒径颗粒物流线及涡量分布趋势较为一致；在中心区和近壁区颗粒物跟随性均随粒径的增加而减小。研究可为灌水器内部固-液两相流动分析及抗堵塞设计提供理论依据。
명학관수기내부수류화과립물운동특성시해결관수기도새문제적관건。단유우관수기결구복잡、류도협소、외관불투명성，측시기내부림계척도류체류동정황난도흔대。목전환선견유관수기내부수사량상류동전장측시적연구보도。인차，해문제출료일충관수기간화모형화일충류도투명모형가공방법，병응용개진적수자입자도상측속（DPIV，digital particle image velocimetry）측시계통가시화료관수기내부류동특정화과립적운동특성，결과표명：관수기내부류동위문류상태，관수기공작압력승고병미개변관수기내부류동형태、와적분포위치、류선밀집정도이급과립물근수성；상동공작압력조건하，과립물최대속도수착과립립경적증대이감소，단불동립경과립물류선급와량분포추세교위일치；재중심구화근벽구과립물근수성균수립경적증가이감소。연구가위관수기내부고-액량상류동분석급항도새설계제공이론의거。
Understanding the movement characteristics of particles is very important for solving the clogging problem in drip irrigation emitters. The key to solve this problem is to make sure that the emitter itself has a high resistance to clogging. Particles are the main component of clogging substance in emitter, accounting for 99%or more. Through selecting the appropriate emitter flow path structure parameters and optimizing the flow boundary, a good flow condition in the path could be ensured, in addition, the transport capacity of particles in the flow path gets improved. Furthermore, the intention of controlling near-wall attachment of particles can be achieved. However, it is very difficult to test the flow in the critical scale flow path due to its complicated structure, narrow flow path, and non-transparent appearance. There were a few reports on the whole field measuring about water-sand two-phase flow in emitters. Therefore, this paper researched flow characteristics in a simplified model of emitter, which only reserved the flow path for energy dissipation. We tested the flow characteristics in the terminal unit structure. At the same time, a processing method for transparent model was proposed in this paper, and we improved the Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV), by changing the lens of the CCD camera into the close-up lens of Nikon D50. We visualized the movement characteristics of particles in emitters with improved DPIV test system. The results showed that it was feasible to test the motion characteristic of particles in simplified transparent model with the improved DPIV test system. It was turbulent in emitter. And the flow state, vortex distribution, the intensity of flow lines, as well as following performance of particles did not change as the increasing working pressure in emitters. There was a linear relationship between size of flow path and working pressure. The small change of pressure did not significantly change the following characteristic of particles in the central region and the near-wall region. Under the same working pressure, the particles maximum velocity decreased with the increasing particle size, but the distribution trends of the flow lines and the vorticity of particles with different sizes were consistent. The particles following characteristics decreased with the increasing size, in both the central region and the near-wall region. The research could provide the theoretical basis for the analysis on the solid-liquid two-phase flow and the anti-clogging design in emitters.