CAJ | 학술논문

为了给寒区犊牛提供适宜的生存环境，该文设计并建造了一种温室型犊牛舍。以传统犊牛舍为对照，对其温热环境和空气质量进行了测定和评价。结果表明：在舍外平均气温为-17.3℃、相对湿度为68%的条件下，犊牛岛休息区、温室型犊牛舍和传统犊牛舍内的平均气温分别为0.9、-0.7和-4.5℃，平均相对湿度分别为65%、59%和95%，平均内表面温度分别为5.7、0.8和-5.9℃；温室型犊牛舍和传统犊牛舍的CO2质量浓度分别为2441和3096 mg/m3，NH3质量浓度分别为0和3.9 mg/m3，1～60 d犊牛的发病率分别为33.33%和71.43%，1～60 d犊牛的死亡率分别为0和28.57%。温室型犊牛舍外围护结构保温隔热性能的提高、通风换气系统的完善、犊牛岛休息区的设置，缓解了寒区犊牛舍冬季保温与通风换气的矛盾，为犊牛创造了更加舒适的生存环境，该研究为高产奶牛的培育奠定了基础。
위료급한구독우제공괄의적생존배경，해문설계병건조료일충온실형독우사。이전통독우사위대조，대기온열배경화공기질량진행료측정화평개。결과표명：재사외평균기온위-17.3℃、상대습도위68%적조건하，독우도휴식구、온실형독우사화전통독우사내적평균기온분별위0.9、-0.7화-4.5℃，평균상대습도분별위65%、59%화95%，평균내표면온도분별위5.7、0.8화-5.9℃；온실형독우사화전통독우사적CO2질량농도분별위2441화3096 mg/m3，NH3질량농도분별위0화3.9 mg/m3，1～60 d독우적발병솔분별위33.33%화71.43%，1～60 d독우적사망솔분별위0화28.57%。온실형독우사외위호결구보온격열성능적제고、통풍환기계통적완선、독우도휴식구적설치，완해료한구독우사동계보온여통풍환기적모순，위독우창조료경가서괄적생존배경，해연구위고산내우적배육전정료기출。
In order to provide a warm, dry and airy environment for calves, a greenhouse barn was designed and constructed. The traditional calf barn was used as controls, thermal environment and air quality were monitored and the application effect was evaluated. The front part of the greenhouse barn was covered with two-layered plastic films with 0.2 meter between the two plastic films. The plastic films made a 66 degree angle with the ground. The roof of the greenhouse calf barn was constructed with two-layered color steel plates, while the space between the steel plates was filled with polystyrene foam board (0.12 m). The wall of the barn was built with two-layered fiber reinforced inorganic board, while the space between the boards was filled with polystyrene foam board (0.20 m). Natural ventilation system was used for greenhouse barn. There were two insulated air-inlet flues on the gable, and two insulated air-outlet flues on the ridge. The top end of the air-outlet flues was 0.7 meter above the ridge and its lower end extended 0.8 meter into the barn. There were ten calf hutches in the barn. The calves were raised individually. The environmental measurements showed that, when outdoor average temperature was-17.3 ℃ and outdoor relative humidity was 68%, the average temperature and the average internal surface temperature inside the greenhouse calf barn were -0.7 and 0.8℃, respectively, which were 3.8 and 6.7℃respectively higher than those in traditional calf barn. This illustrated that the design of heat insulation met the requirement of calf barn in cold regions. The relative humidity in the greenhouse calf barn was 59 %. The ammonia was undetectable. The concentration of carbon dioxide was 2441 mg/m3 in contrast to 95%, 3.9 mg/m3, and 3096 mg/m3 in traditional calf barns, respectively. This illustrated that the design of ventilation system met the requirement of calves in cold regions. Average temperature, average internal surface temperature and relative humidity of calf hutch in the greenhouse calf barn were 0.9℃, 5.7℃ and 65%, respectively. These suggest that the calf hutches in greenhouse calf barn not only achieved appropriate ventilation for calf barns during winters, but also provided a draught-free environment for calf. Optimum temperature and good air quality in the greenhouse calf barn reduced the calf morbidity and mortality rates in 0–60-day-old calves to 33.33%and 0%, respectively. Compared with the traditional calf barns,the calf morbidity and mortality rates in 0–60-day-old calves were as high as 71.43%and 28.57%, respectively.