CAJ | 학술논문

　　尼日尔三角洲是世界上重要的含油气区，褶皱构造在其油气藏形成中起着重要作用。本文根据尼日尔三角洲的石油勘探资料，分析了褶皱的成因类型及不同类型褶皱的时序关系。尼日尔三角洲从陆上到海上可以划分为伸展带、过渡带和挤压带等三个构造带，它们组成一个完整的重力滑动构造体系。伸展带以逆牵引滚动背斜为特征，以背斜型圈闭为主，断块圈闭和岩性-地层圈闭为辅；过渡带为泥底辟相关的披覆褶皱，以背斜型圈闭为主，伴生泥底辟肩部和之间的砂岩尖灭圈闭；前缘挤压带发育逆冲断层相关褶皱，发育背斜和断背斜圈闭，背斜肩部和背斜之间发育砂岩尖灭圈闭。褶皱时间分别始于始新世、中新世以及中中新世—上新世。褶皱作用引起的地层剖面的缩短平衡了伸展作用引起的剖面的伸长。尼日尔三角洲与褶皱相关的圈闭，包括背斜、砂岩透镜体等富集了尼日尔三角洲绝大部分的油气。
　　니일이삼각주시세계상중요적함유기구，습추구조재기유기장형성중기착중요작용。본문근거니일이삼각주적석유감탐자료，분석료습추적성인류형급불동류형습추적시서관계。니일이삼각주종륙상도해상가이화분위신전대、과도대화제압대등삼개구조대，타문조성일개완정적중력활동구조체계。신전대이역견인곤동배사위특정，이배사형권폐위주，단괴권폐화암성-지층권폐위보；과도대위니저벽상관적피복습추，이배사형권폐위주，반생니저벽견부화지간적사암첨멸권폐；전연제압대발육역충단층상관습추，발육배사화단배사권폐，배사견부화배사지간발육사암첨멸권폐。습추시간분별시우시신세、중신세이급중중신세—상신세。습추작용인기적지층부면적축단평형료신전작용인기적부면적신장。니일이삼각주여습추상관적권폐，포괄배사、사암투경체등부집료니일이삼각주절대부분적유기。
The Niger Oelta is an important oil-bearing area in the world and folds played an important role in its reservoir formation. By analyzing the exploration data, the types of folds and the sequential relationships among various kinds of folds are discussed. The Niger Delta can be divided into three tectonic belts, i.e., tailing extensional belt, transitional belt, and leading compressive belt from the onshore to the offshore, respectively. The three belts constitute an integral gravitational sliding system. Rollover anticlines occurred in the extensional belt and the dominant traps were anticlines with fault blocks and lithology-stratum traps. Mudstone diapir-related drape anticlines occurred in the transitional belt and the dominant traps were anticlines with sand bodies at the banks of mudstone diapirs and between the diapirs. Thrust faulting-related anticlines occurred in the leading compressive belt and the main traps were anticlines with sand bodies at the banks of the anticlines and between the anticlines. Folding began at the Eocene, Miocene, and middle Miocene-Pliocene for these three belts, respectively. The shortening caused by folding was accommodated by extension in the extensional belt. The folding-related traps such as anticlines and sandstone lenses in various tectonic belts were the dominant traps that accumulated almost all the oil and gas reserves in the Niger Delta.