中国农学通报
中國農學通報
중국농학통보
CHINESE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE BULLETIN
2013年
13期
60-65
,共6页
尤海舟%毕君%蔡蕾%王超
尤海舟%畢君%蔡蕾%王超
우해주%필군%채뢰%왕초
林分类型%最大持水量%涵养水源%生态功能%小五台山
林分類型%最大持水量%涵養水源%生態功能%小五檯山
림분류형%최대지수량%함양수원%생태공능%소오태산
forest types%maximum water holding capacity%water resources conservation%ecological function%Xiaowutai Mountain
为了探索小五台山不同林分类型林地涵养水源机制、生态功能价值量大小，通过对枯落物层和土壤层的野外调查和室内试验，笔者分析了小五台山7种主要林分类型林地水文效应，采用影子价格法估算了7种林分类型林地涵养水源的生态功能价值。结果表明：不同林分类型枯落物最大持水量变化范围为119.46~293.62 t/hm2，最大持水量与枯落物储量变化顺序基本一致；土壤层最大持水量变化范围为3463.05~3941.05 t/hm2。其中，落叶松×白桦混交林持水量(3941.05 t/hm2)最大，是油松纯林的的1.14倍；综合枯落物层和土壤层，小五台山7种林分类型林地蓄水能力顺序为：落叶松×白桦混交林＞落叶松×云杉×白桦混交林＞白桦×云杉混交林＞亚高山草甸＞白桦纯林＞落叶松纯林＞油松纯林，且在枯落物层和土壤层的蓄水过程中，土壤层的贡献率最大，在92%以上；通过影子价格法，估算出小五台山林地平均涵养水源价值量为14465.86元/hm2，整个河北小五台山约31583.3万元，其中落叶松×白桦混交林涵养水源价值量最大，为15377.53元/hm2，是油松纯林1.16倍。
為瞭探索小五檯山不同林分類型林地涵養水源機製、生態功能價值量大小，通過對枯落物層和土壤層的野外調查和室內試驗，筆者分析瞭小五檯山7種主要林分類型林地水文效應，採用影子價格法估算瞭7種林分類型林地涵養水源的生態功能價值。結果錶明：不同林分類型枯落物最大持水量變化範圍為119.46~293.62 t/hm2，最大持水量與枯落物儲量變化順序基本一緻；土壤層最大持水量變化範圍為3463.05~3941.05 t/hm2。其中，落葉鬆×白樺混交林持水量(3941.05 t/hm2)最大，是油鬆純林的的1.14倍；綜閤枯落物層和土壤層，小五檯山7種林分類型林地蓄水能力順序為：落葉鬆×白樺混交林＞落葉鬆×雲杉×白樺混交林＞白樺×雲杉混交林＞亞高山草甸＞白樺純林＞落葉鬆純林＞油鬆純林，且在枯落物層和土壤層的蓄水過程中，土壤層的貢獻率最大，在92%以上；通過影子價格法，估算齣小五檯山林地平均涵養水源價值量為14465.86元/hm2，整箇河北小五檯山約31583.3萬元，其中落葉鬆×白樺混交林涵養水源價值量最大，為15377.53元/hm2，是油鬆純林1.16倍。
위료탐색소오태산불동림분류형임지함양수원궤제、생태공능개치량대소，통과대고락물층화토양층적야외조사화실내시험，필자분석료소오태산7충주요림분류형임지수문효응，채용영자개격법고산료7충림분류형임지함양수원적생태공능개치。결과표명：불동림분류형고락물최대지수량변화범위위119.46~293.62 t/hm2，최대지수량여고락물저량변화순서기본일치；토양층최대지수량변화범위위3463.05~3941.05 t/hm2。기중，락협송×백화혼교림지수량(3941.05 t/hm2)최대，시유송순림적적1.14배；종합고락물층화토양층，소오태산7충림분류형임지축수능력순서위：락협송×백화혼교림＞락협송×운삼×백화혼교림＞백화×운삼혼교림＞아고산초전＞백화순림＞락협송순림＞유송순림，차재고락물층화토양층적축수과정중，토양층적공헌솔최대，재92%이상；통과영자개격법，고산출소오태산임지평균함양수원개치량위14465.86원/hm2，정개하북소오태산약31583.3만원，기중락협송×백화혼교림함양수원개치량최대，위15377.53원/hm2，시유송순림1.16배。
In order to explore the woodland water resources conservation mechanism and the ecological function value of different forest types in Xiaowutai Mountain, through the field investigation and indoor experiment, the author measured the woodland hydrological effects of 7 types of forests in Xiaowutai Mountain, and used the shadow pricing method to evaluate their ecological function value of water resources conservation. The results showed that: 1) the variation range of maximum water holding capacity (MWHC) of litter was 119.46-293.62 t/hm2, MWHC and cumulated mass (CM) showed a same gradation. 2) The variation range of MWHC of soil horizon was 3463.05-3941.05 t/hm2, MWHC of mixed Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla forest was maximum (3941.05 t/hm2), it was approximately 1.41 times of Pinus tabulaeformis forest. 3) Through comprehensive analysis of MWHC of litter layer and soil horizon, it concluded that quantity gradation of 7 types of forests was:Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla mixed forest>Larix olgensis-Picea meyeri-Betula platyphylla mixed forest>Betula platyphylla-Picea meyeri mixed forest>Subalpine meadow>Betula platyphylla forest>Larix olgensis forest>Pinus tabulaeformis forest, and soil horizon had maximal contribution which MWHC occupied more than 92%of total storage. 4) Through the medium of shadow pricing method, quantity of water resources conservation ecologically functional value of woodland in Xiaowutai Mountain was about 14465.86 yuan/hm2, totally was 315.83 million yuan, value of water resources conservation of mixed Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla forest was maximum (15377.53 yuan/hm2), it was approximately 1.61 times of Pinus tabulaeformis forest.
