CAJ | 학술논문

　　为掌握赣湘鄂三省荷花(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)授粉现状，2012年7月5—11日在江西、湖南、湖北三省对采收荷花粉蜂农以及当地荷花种植户进行了采访调查，针对蜂农放蜂和蜂群管理方式，蜂农和荷花种植户收益，蜜蜂为荷花授粉的必要性开展调查，同时在三省进行了荷花野生传粉昆虫数量和种类的资源调查。调查表明：三省荷花野生传粉昆虫种类和数量均较匮乏，经鉴定，荷花野生传粉昆虫主要为膜翅目昆虫，包括中华木蜂(Xylocopa sinensis Smith)、紫木蜂(Xylocopa valga Gestaecker)、黄胸木蜂(Xylocopa appendiculata Smith)、铜色隧蜂(Halictus aerarius Smith)、尖肩隧蜂(Halictus subopacus Smith)等，莲籽高产增收必须依靠蜜蜂授粉才能实现，蜜蜂授粉更有利于蜂农和荷花种植户获得更高收益；蜜蜂采集荷花粉的最佳时间为5：00—8：00，温度和风力是影响蜜蜂采集荷花的主要因素；荷花花粉价格波动受自然灾害、销售渠道和供求关系的影响；养蜂蜂农年龄结构呈现老龄化趋势。
　　위장악공상악삼성하화(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)수분현상，2012년7월5—11일재강서、호남、호북삼성대채수하화분봉농이급당지하화충식호진행료채방조사，침대봉농방봉화봉군관리방식，봉농화하화충식호수익，밀봉위하화수분적필요성개전조사，동시재삼성진행료하화야생전분곤충수량화충류적자원조사。조사표명：삼성하화야생전분곤충충류화수량균교궤핍，경감정，하화야생전분곤충주요위막시목곤충，포괄중화목봉(Xylocopa sinensis Smith)、자목봉(Xylocopa valga Gestaecker)、황흉목봉(Xylocopa appendiculata Smith)、동색수봉(Halictus aerarius Smith)、첨견수봉(Halictus subopacus Smith)등，련자고산증수필수의고밀봉수분재능실현，밀봉수분경유리우봉농화하화충식호획득경고수익；밀봉채집하화분적최가시간위5：00—8：00，온도화풍력시영향밀봉채집하화적주요인소；하화화분개격파동수자연재해、소수거도화공구관계적영향；양봉봉농년령결구정현노령화추세。
In order to realize present situation of Asian sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) in Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei Provinces, beekeepers who collected lotus pollen and lotus growers were interviewed with following aspects on July 5-11, 2012: ways of beekeeping and managing bees, income of beekeepers and lotus growers, necessity of bee pollination for lotus, meanwhile numbers and species of wild pollinators for lotus among three provinces were investigated. Results indicated that, there were fewer numbers and species of wild pollinators for lotus in three provinces, main wild pollinators were Hymenoptera insects as follows: Xylocopa sinensis Smith, Xylocopa valga Gestaecker, Xylocopa appendiculata Smith, Halictus aerarius Smith, Halictus subopacus Smith and so on, so high yield of lotus seed should be depended on bee pollination, bee pollination was more conducive to beekeepers and lotus growers to obtain higher yields. The best time of bee collecting lotus pollen was 5:00-8:00; temperature and wind-force were the main factors which affect the bee collection lotus. The price fluctuation of lotus pollen was influenced by natural disaster, marketing channel and supply-demand relationship. Beekeepers’age structure presented aging trend.