中国农学通报
中國農學通報
중국농학통보
CHINESE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE BULLETIN
2013年
16期
181-185
,共5页
胡盼%李兴红%张夏兰%耿文龙%蔡欣楠%刘正坪%魏艳敏
鬍盼%李興紅%張夏蘭%耿文龍%蔡訢楠%劉正坪%魏豔敏
호반%리흥홍%장하란%경문룡%채흔남%류정평%위염민
葡萄霜霉病(Plasmopara viticola)%品种%病情指数%药效
葡萄霜黴病(Plasmopara viticola)%品種%病情指數%藥效
포도상매병(Plasmopara viticola)%품충%병정지수%약효
grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)%cultivar%disease index%control efficacy
葡萄霜霉病是中国葡萄产区的重要病害之一，为了该病害的防治，2012年笔者调查了北京地区30个不同葡萄品种霜霉病的田间发生情况，并对病情指数进行了差异显著性和聚类分析。结果发现：30个葡萄品种被划分为4类：第1类包括‘甲斐乙女’、87-1、‘京早晶’、‘黑奥林’、‘红富士’、‘奥迪亚无核’和‘红伊豆’，田间发病程度最重，病情指数为61.63~49.96；第2类包括‘茉莉’、‘贵妃玫瑰’、‘秋黑’、‘亚都蜜’、‘龙宝’、‘美人指’和‘红宝石无核’，发病程度较重，病情指数为44.91~28.56；第3类包括‘红双味’、‘玫瑰香’、‘里扎马特’、‘无核早红’、‘世纪无核’、‘亚历山大’和‘黄意大利’，发病程度中等，病情指数为23.86~12.64；第4类包括‘葡萄园皇后’、‘巨峰’、‘香妃’、‘魏可’、‘醉金香’、‘藤捻’、‘红脸无核’、‘夏黑’和‘黎明无核’，发病最轻，病情指数为10.47~3.78。调查结果一定程度上反映了这些品种在生产上对霜霉病的抗性，为抗病品种的利用提供了参考依据。另外，试验还在田间进行了6种农药对霜霉病防治效果的比较，结果发现它们对葡萄霜霉病均有较好的防治效果。其中，代森锰锌、波尔多液和百菌清效果最好，可达87.23%~76.48%，它们可作为田间防治霜霉病的推荐药剂。
葡萄霜黴病是中國葡萄產區的重要病害之一，為瞭該病害的防治，2012年筆者調查瞭北京地區30箇不同葡萄品種霜黴病的田間髮生情況，併對病情指數進行瞭差異顯著性和聚類分析。結果髮現：30箇葡萄品種被劃分為4類：第1類包括‘甲斐乙女’、87-1、‘京早晶’、‘黑奧林’、‘紅富士’、‘奧迪亞無覈’和‘紅伊豆’，田間髮病程度最重，病情指數為61.63~49.96；第2類包括‘茉莉’、‘貴妃玫瑰’、‘鞦黑’、‘亞都蜜’、‘龍寶’、‘美人指’和‘紅寶石無覈’，髮病程度較重，病情指數為44.91~28.56；第3類包括‘紅雙味’、‘玫瑰香’、‘裏扎馬特’、‘無覈早紅’、‘世紀無覈’、‘亞歷山大’和‘黃意大利’，髮病程度中等，病情指數為23.86~12.64；第4類包括‘葡萄園皇後’、‘巨峰’、‘香妃’、‘魏可’、‘醉金香’、‘籐撚’、‘紅臉無覈’、‘夏黑’和‘黎明無覈’，髮病最輕，病情指數為10.47~3.78。調查結果一定程度上反映瞭這些品種在生產上對霜黴病的抗性，為抗病品種的利用提供瞭參攷依據。另外，試驗還在田間進行瞭6種農藥對霜黴病防治效果的比較，結果髮現它們對葡萄霜黴病均有較好的防治效果。其中，代森錳鋅、波爾多液和百菌清效果最好，可達87.23%~76.48%，它們可作為田間防治霜黴病的推薦藥劑。
포도상매병시중국포도산구적중요병해지일，위료해병해적방치，2012년필자조사료북경지구30개불동포도품충상매병적전간발생정황，병대병정지수진행료차이현저성화취류분석。결과발현：30개포도품충피화분위4류：제1류포괄‘갑비을녀’、87-1、‘경조정’、‘흑오림’、‘홍부사’、‘오적아무핵’화‘홍이두’，전간발병정도최중，병정지수위61.63~49.96；제2류포괄‘말리’、‘귀비매괴’、‘추흑’、‘아도밀’、‘룡보’、‘미인지’화‘홍보석무핵’，발병정도교중，병정지수위44.91~28.56；제3류포괄‘홍쌍미’、‘매괴향’、‘리찰마특’、‘무핵조홍’、‘세기무핵’、‘아력산대’화‘황의대리’，발병정도중등，병정지수위23.86~12.64；제4류포괄‘포도완황후’、‘거봉’、‘향비’、‘위가’、‘취금향’、‘등념’、‘홍검무핵’、‘하흑’화‘려명무핵’，발병최경，병정지수위10.47~3.78。조사결과일정정도상반영료저사품충재생산상대상매병적항성，위항병품충적이용제공료삼고의거。령외，시험환재전간진행료6충농약대상매병방치효과적비교，결과발현타문대포도상매병균유교호적방치효과。기중，대삼맹자、파이다액화백균청효과최호，가체87.23%~76.48%，타문가작위전간방치상매병적추천약제。
Grape downy mildew is one of the most serious diseases in many vineyards in China. In 2012, a survey of grape downy mildew on 30 different grape cultivars had been conducted in Beijing vineyards. And these grape cultivars, based on their disease indexes, were classified and evaluated by significance and cluster analysis. It was showed that: 30 table cultivars could be divided into 4 groups: group 1, Kaiotome,87-1, Jingzaojing, Black Olympia, Benifuji, Otilia Seedless and Beniizuand, appeared the highest disease index (61.63-49.96); group 2, Jasimine, Yellow Rose, Autumn Black, Yatomi Rosa, Ryuho, Calmeria and Ruby Seedless, appeared higher (44.91-28.56); group 3, Hongshuangwei, Muscat Hamburg, Rizamat, Wuhezaohong, Centennial Seedless, Alexander and Italia, appeared medium (23.86-12.64); group 4, Queen of Vineyard, Kyoho, Xiangfei, Wink, Zuijinxiang, Fujiminori, Blush Seedless, Summer Black and Dawn Seedless, appeared the lowest disease index (10.47-3.78). In addition, the efficacy of 6 fungicides treatments for control of the disease was compared in field. It showed that: 6 fungicides all had good effectiveness, and among them, Mancozeb, Bouillie Bordelaise RSR and Chlorothalonil had best effectiveness and their control effects were 87.23%-76.48%. The results would be import direction for the management of grape downy mildew by using the resistant cultivars and efficacious fungicides.
