CAJ | 학술논문

　　目前对于天然湿地水体污染物迁移变化规律的研究还不全面。大庆区域湿地面积较大，但石油开采所产生的含油废水以及其他生产和生活的废水进入湿地，对该区域湿地水环境产生了较大的影响。对大庆区域湿地水体自净效果及变化状况进行研究，对揭示该湿地生态系统健康状况变化有着重要意义。为此，按不同季节对湿地系统不同典型位置（进水处、出水处、中间部位），采集水样、湿地植物芦苇(Phragmiteshirsuta)与湿地土壤，考察了大庆湿地不同时空条件下的湿地水质情况以及湿地植物芦苇、土壤的变化情况。结果表明：湿地系统夏季污染最严重，污染程度从高到低依次为夏、秋、春，春季综合污染指数最低为13.11。TN的综合污染指数最高为14.05，5项水质指标综合污染指数从高到低顺序依次为TN、COD、含油量、NH4+-N、BOD5。湿地对水体污染物去除主要发生在湿地前部区域。在监测期间，湿地前部区域去除的TN的量占整个湿地区域去除 TN 量的71.86%，湿地前部区域去除的 COD 的量占整个湿地区域去除 COD 量的77.51%，湿地前部区域去除的NH4+-N的量占整个湿地区域去除NH4+-N量的56.46%，湿地前部区域去除的含油量占整个湿地区域去除含油量的79.91%，湿地前部区域去除的BOD5的量占整个湿地区域去除BOD5量的53.57%。湿地系统对湿地水体污染物的降解是沿湿地水流方向逐渐降低的，湿地自净效果明显。植物通过吸收直接去除部分氮、磷，而且在生长季节作用更明显。在湿地前部区域植物生长效果略好于后部，对氮、磷吸收也略高于后部，这正与湿地系统对污染物的降解是沿湿地水流方向逐渐降低相吻合。另外，湿地土壤能够吸附水中一些污染物质，湿地植物与土壤都对水中污染物的去除发挥重要作用。
　　목전대우천연습지수체오염물천이변화규률적연구환불전면。대경구역습지면적교대，단석유개채소산생적함유폐수이급기타생산화생활적폐수진입습지，대해구역습지수배경산생료교대적영향。대대경구역습지수체자정효과급변화상황진행연구，대게시해습지생태계통건강상황변화유착중요의의。위차，안불동계절대습지계통불동전형위치（진수처、출수처、중간부위），채집수양、습지식물호위(Phragmiteshirsuta)여습지토양，고찰료대경습지불동시공조건하적습지수질정황이급습지식물호위、토양적변화정황。결과표명：습지계통하계오염최엄중，오염정도종고도저의차위하、추、춘，춘계종합오염지수최저위13.11。TN적종합오염지수최고위14.05，5항수질지표종합오염지수종고도저순서의차위TN、COD、함유량、NH4+-N、BOD5。습지대수체오염물거제주요발생재습지전부구역。재감측기간，습지전부구역거제적TN적량점정개습지구역거제 TN 량적71.86%，습지전부구역거제적 COD 적량점정개습지구역거제 COD 량적77.51%，습지전부구역거제적NH4+-N적량점정개습지구역거제NH4+-N량적56.46%，습지전부구역거제적함유량점정개습지구역거제함유량적79.91%，습지전부구역거제적BOD5적량점정개습지구역거제BOD5량적53.57%。습지계통대습지수체오염물적강해시연습지수류방향축점강저적，습지자정효과명현。식물통과흡수직접거제부분담、린，이차재생장계절작용경명현。재습지전부구역식물생장효과략호우후부，대담、린흡수야략고우후부，저정여습지계통대오염물적강해시연습지수류방향축점강저상문합。령외，습지토양능구흡부수중일사오염물질，습지식물여토양도대수중오염물적거제발휘중요작용。
Wetland research has been the research hotpot both in domestic and at abroad in recent years, Pollutants migration and transformation law of wetland water is still not very clear. The wetland has a larger area in Daqing regional, but oil field produced water and industrial and domestic wastewater discharged release to the wetland environment, which had significant impact on the water environment of Daqing wetland. Thus, The study of self-purification efficiency of wetland water and its changing condition has important significance to reveal the change of ecosystem health. Therefore, the water sample, phragmites austral of wetland plant and wetland soil were collected at different typical location (the inlet, the outlet, intermediate position) in different seasons. The change of water quality, plants and soil under the conditions of different spatio-temporal patterns were investigated. The results showed that the pollution degree was he most seriously in Summer, The order of pollution degree was Summer>Autumn>Spring. The lowest comprehensive pollution index was 13.11 in spring. The highest comprehensive pollution index was TN with 14.05. The order of comprehensive pollution index of five water quality index was TN>COD> Mineral oil >NH4+-N> BOD5. The water contaminate removal mainly occurred in the front area of wetland. In monitoring period, TN removal of anterior region accounted for about 71.86% of total region in the wetland, COD removal of anterior region accounted for about 77.51% of total region in the wetland, NH4+-N removal of anterior region accounted for about 56.46% of total region in the wetland, Mineral oil removal of anterior region accounted for about 79.91% of total region in the wetland. BOD5. removal of anterior region accounted for only about 56.46% of total region in the wetland. Pollutants removal in the wetland systems declined along the water flow direction, and the self-purification of wetland was better. A series of studies on the role of plants and soil indicated that the plants removed the nitrogen and phosphorus directly by absorption, and this process performed better in the growing season of plants. The plants on the foreside of the wetland grew better than those grew on the rearward, and they can also absorb more nitrogen and phosphorus. This regulation was accorded with the one that the pollutants removal declined along the water flow direction. In addition, wetland soil adsorbed some pollutants of water body. In a word, plants and soil of wetland play important roles in the pollutants removal of wetland water.