CAJ | 학술논문

　　随着森林生态系统的正向演替，植物物种多样性、群落结构、生产力以及土壤条件均会发生显著的变化，这些变化对菌根类型和多样性会产生不同程度的影响。为了探讨群落结构和功能的变化对菌根资源可能产生的影响，选择季风常绿阔叶林及其演替系列上的代表性森林生态系统为对象，对菌根化根系、菌根类型和菌根真菌孢子密度进行调查，并结合已有的群落信息和土壤养分状况，分析在森林演替过程中菌根资源的变化情况和可能的影响因素。结果表明：季风常绿阔叶林各演替阶段的森林生态系统中菌根化比例接近70%，但不同演替阶段森林的优势菌根类型存在明显的差异。处于演替初期的马尾松（Pinus massoniana）林以丛枝菌根为主，占菌根总数的78%；演替中期的针阔叶混交林中的外生菌根占有绝对优势，占75%，是丛枝菌根的3倍；演替顶级的季风常绿阔叶林中的外生菌根和丛枝菌根的比例相当。马尾松林的菌根真菌孢子密度最高，每20 g风干土壤中的孢子数量高达2925个，是针阔叶混交林的2.5倍，季风常绿阔叶林的2倍。演替系列上的森林生态系统的菌根类型的差异与植物物种多样性和群落结构，尤其是林下的灌木、草本层密度存在一定的相关性，同时也受土壤养分状况的影响。马尾松林具有较丰富的草本植物和较高的草本层密度，并且该森林的土壤相对贫瘠，这些条件都有利于丛枝菌根真菌侵染草本植物的根系形成丛枝菌根并产生大量孢子。针阔叶混交林中外生菌根的优势主要受该森林中外生菌根植物在群落组成上的绝对优势影响。季风常绿阔叶林的物种丰富，群落结构复杂，因此该森林呈现了两种类型菌根优势相当的现象。该文的结果表明，随着季风常绿阔叶林演替的进行，菌根资源在类型上会出现较大的分异，而这种变化受植物物种数量、群落结构的影响，与土壤养分状况存在一定的关系，并且不同演替阶段森林生态系统影响菌根组成的因素存在差异。　　隨著森林生態繫統的正嚮縯替，植物物種多樣性、群落結構、生產力以及土壤條件均會髮生顯著的變化，這些變化對菌根類型和多樣性會產生不同程度的影響。為瞭探討群落結構和功能的變化對菌根資源可能產生的影響，選擇季風常綠闊葉林及其縯替繫列上的代錶性森林生態繫統為對象，對菌根化根繫、菌根類型和菌根真菌孢子密度進行調查，併結閤已有的群落信息和土壤養分狀況，分析在森林縯替過程中菌根資源的變化情況和可能的影響因素。結果錶明：季風常綠闊葉林各縯替階段的森林生態繫統中菌根化比例接近70%，但不同縯替階段森林的優勢菌根類型存在明顯的差異。處于縯替初期的馬尾鬆（Pinus massoniana）林以叢枝菌根為主，佔菌根總數的78%；縯替中期的針闊葉混交林中的外生菌根佔有絕對優勢，佔75%，是叢枝菌根的3倍；縯替頂級的季風常綠闊葉林中的外生菌根和叢枝菌根的比例相噹。馬尾鬆林的菌根真菌孢子密度最高，每20 g風榦土壤中的孢子數量高達2925箇，是針闊葉混交林的2.5倍，季風常綠闊葉林的2倍。縯替繫列上的森林生態繫統的菌根類型的差異與植物物種多樣性和群落結構，尤其是林下的灌木、草本層密度存在一定的相關性，同時也受土壤養分狀況的影響。馬尾鬆林具有較豐富的草本植物和較高的草本層密度，併且該森林的土壤相對貧瘠，這些條件都有利于叢枝菌根真菌侵染草本植物的根繫形成叢枝菌根併產生大量孢子。針闊葉混交林中外生菌根的優勢主要受該森林中外生菌根植物在群落組成上的絕對優勢影響。季風常綠闊葉林的物種豐富，群落結構複雜，因此該森林呈現瞭兩種類型菌根優勢相噹的現象。該文的結果錶明，隨著季風常綠闊葉林縯替的進行，菌根資源在類型上會齣現較大的分異，而這種變化受植物物種數量、群落結構的影響，與土壤養分狀況存在一定的關繫，併且不同縯替階段森林生態繫統影響菌根組成的因素存在差異。
　　수착삼림생태계통적정향연체，식물물충다양성、군락결구、생산력이급토양조건균회발생현저적변화，저사변화대균근류형화다양성회산생불동정도적영향。위료탐토군락결구화공능적변화대균근자원가능산생적영향，선택계풍상록활협림급기연체계렬상적대표성삼림생태계통위대상，대균근화근계、균근류형화균근진균포자밀도진행조사，병결합이유적군락신식화토양양분상황，분석재삼림연체과정중균근자원적변화정황화가능적영향인소。결과표명：계풍상록활협림각연체계단적삼림생태계통중균근화비례접근70%，단불동연체계단삼림적우세균근류형존재명현적차이。처우연체초기적마미송（Pinus massoniana）림이총지균근위주，점균근총수적78%；연체중기적침활협혼교림중적외생균근점유절대우세，점75%，시총지균근적3배；연체정급적계풍상록활협림중적외생균근화총지균근적비례상당。마미송림적균근진균포자밀도최고，매20 g풍간토양중적포자수량고체2925개，시침활협혼교림적2.5배，계풍상록활협림적2배。연체계렬상적삼림생태계통적균근류형적차이여식물물충다양성화군락결구，우기시림하적관목、초본층밀도존재일정적상관성，동시야수토양양분상황적영향。마미송림구유교봉부적초본식물화교고적초본층밀도，병차해삼림적토양상대빈척，저사조건도유리우총지균근진균침염초본식물적근계형성총지균근병산생대량포자。침활협혼교림중외생균근적우세주요수해삼림중외생균근식물재군락조성상적절대우세영향。계풍상록활협림적물충봉부，군락결구복잡，인차해삼림정현료량충류형균근우세상당적현상。해문적결과표명，수착계풍상록활협림연체적진행，균근자원재류형상회출현교대적분이，이저충변화수식물물충수량、군락결구적영향，여토양양분상황존재일정적관계，병차불동연체계단삼림생태계통영향균근조성적인소존재차이。
Plant species diversity, community structure, productivity and edaphic factors varied significantly with forest succession, these variations may influence the diversity of mycorrhizae. To understand how forest structure and function impact on mycorrhizae at ecosystem level, three subtropical forests were chosen along a forest succession series in South China to investigate mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae ( ECM ), arbuscular mycorrhizae ( AM ), and mycorrhizal fungal spores in the top soil ( 0-20 cm depth ). Potential influences of forest structure on mycorrhizae were analyzed based on field census together with plant diversity and soil nutrients. The results showed that nearly 70% of fine roots less than 2 mm diameter in the top soil of each forest were colonized by mycorrhizal fungi, but dominate mycorrhizae types varied significantly in the three successional forests. AM accounted for 78% of total mycor-rhizae in the pine forest at early successional stage, ECM contributed to 75% of mycorrhizae in the mixed forest at middle succes-sional stage, and AM and ECM contributed equivalently to total mycorrhizae in the monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest at late succession stage. Mycorrhizal fungal spore density was highest in the pine forest (2 925 spores per 20 g dry soil), which was 2.5 and 2 times of those in the mixed forest and monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest, respectively. We found that the difference of mycor-rhizae composition was associated with plant diversity, community structure and soil nutrient condition in successional forests. Spe-cies-rich and individual high density of grass plants and poor soil nutrient level in the pine forest may result in relatively high propor-tion of AM in the pine forest. Mycorrhizae were dominated by ECM resulting from the dominance of ECM plant in the mixed forest. Abundant plant species and complex community structure in the monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest contributed AM and ECM to equal distribution in the forest. These results suggest that mycorrhizae diversity changed with forest succession as a result of changes in plant diversity, community structure as well as soil nutrient condition, and the reasons varied at different successional stages.