中国农业资源与区划
中國農業資源與區劃
중국농업자원여구화
CHINA AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES AND REGIONAL PLANNING
2014年
3期
105-112
,共8页
棉花%布局特征%扶贫开发%比较收益%山东省
棉花%佈跼特徵%扶貧開髮%比較收益%山東省
면화%포국특정%부빈개발%비교수익%산동성
cotton%layoutcharacteristics%povertyalleviationdevelopment%comparativeincome%Shandong province
山东省是棉花生产加工大省，棉花种植面积和产量均占全国15%，仅次于新疆。经过近30年的变迁，山东省三大棉花主产区的地位发生了根本性变化。与此同时，棉农的种棉积极性受挫，棉花产量和质量逐年降低。该文首先运用对比观察法和实地调研法，提出了山东省棉花生产布局的“双穷”特征，即宏观上多分布于“穷地方”，微观上多集中于“穷人家”；然后运用协整分析法，证明了棉花种植面积与粮棉比较收益之间存在长期趋势的一致性，继而得出比较收益是影响山东省棉花的空间分布特征和时间变化趋势的重要因素。由于市场价格机制无法很好调节山东棉花主产区所呈现的“双穷”特征，在分析了比较利益不合理的因素后，该文从政府扶贫开发的角度阐述了提高棉农收益、摆脱贫穷现状的路径设想，指出政府的政策扶贫、科技扶贫和专项扶贫，是振兴棉花产业，解决棉区贫困的有效出路。
山東省是棉花生產加工大省，棉花種植麵積和產量均佔全國15%，僅次于新疆。經過近30年的變遷，山東省三大棉花主產區的地位髮生瞭根本性變化。與此同時，棉農的種棉積極性受挫，棉花產量和質量逐年降低。該文首先運用對比觀察法和實地調研法，提齣瞭山東省棉花生產佈跼的“雙窮”特徵，即宏觀上多分佈于“窮地方”，微觀上多集中于“窮人傢”；然後運用協整分析法，證明瞭棉花種植麵積與糧棉比較收益之間存在長期趨勢的一緻性，繼而得齣比較收益是影響山東省棉花的空間分佈特徵和時間變化趨勢的重要因素。由于市場價格機製無法很好調節山東棉花主產區所呈現的“雙窮”特徵，在分析瞭比較利益不閤理的因素後，該文從政府扶貧開髮的角度闡述瞭提高棉農收益、襬脫貧窮現狀的路徑設想，指齣政府的政策扶貧、科技扶貧和專項扶貧，是振興棉花產業，解決棉區貧睏的有效齣路。
산동성시면화생산가공대성，면화충식면적화산량균점전국15%，부차우신강。경과근30년적변천，산동성삼대면화주산구적지위발생료근본성변화。여차동시，면농적충면적겁성수좌，면화산량화질량축년강저。해문수선운용대비관찰법화실지조연법，제출료산동성면화생산포국적“쌍궁”특정，즉굉관상다분포우“궁지방”，미관상다집중우“궁인가”；연후운용협정분석법，증명료면화충식면적여량면비교수익지간존재장기추세적일치성，계이득출비교수익시영향산동성면화적공간분포특정화시간변화추세적중요인소。유우시장개격궤제무법흔호조절산동면화주산구소정현적“쌍궁”특정，재분석료비교이익불합리적인소후，해문종정부부빈개발적각도천술료제고면농수익、파탈빈궁현상적로경설상，지출정부적정책부빈、과기부빈화전항부빈，시진흥면화산업，해결면구빈곤적유효출로。
Shandongisamajorcottonproducingandprocessingprovince,whosecottoncultivationareaandpro-duction both account for about 15% of the national level, only behind Xinjiang. After nearly 30 years changes, the status of the three main cotton producing areas in Shandong province has undergone a fundamental change. At the same time, cotton farmers' initiative in planting cotton was frustrated, yield and quality of cotton reduced year by year. Using methods of contrast observation and site investigation, the article firstly proposed" double-pover-ty" characteristics in Shandong cotton production layout, namely the macro level distributed in" poor place" and the micro level distributed in the" poor people". Then cointegration analysis was used to prove if there was a co-integration relationship between cotton acreage and comparative income in long-term trend, and the comparative income was a important factor to derive cotton distribution characteristics and temporal trends in Shandong. Because the market price mechanism could not adjust the" double -poverty" feature of cotton producing areas in Shan-dong, after the analysis of the irrational factors in comparative income, the article expounded the paths and visions to improve the farmers' income and help get out of poverty situation from the perspective of government's poverty al-leviation and development, and then pointed out that the government's poverty-stricken measures in policy, sci-ence and technology, and special field, were effective ways to revive the cotton industry and solve poverty problem in cotton area.
