CAJ | 학술논문

尽管主要发达国家的化学品管理体系已经运行了30多年，但诸多不完善使这些体系仍然不断面临挑战。这些因素包括数据的质量和数量，对监管工作人员与资源的需求增长，危害和暴露评估方法的演变，以及化学品管理究竟是应该基于风险（危害和暴露）还是基于危害的争鸣。新兴国家和发展中国家在建立各自的化学品管理体系的过程中，迫切希望借鉴发达国家的经验，减少或避免已往失误和现存的缺陷。即使如此，正在新建或完善的国家管理体系，也还会面临着相同的命题或者新的挑战。本文着重以个人的亲身经验，评述了美国和欧洲已有的管理体系和正在完善的中国的化学品管理体系，这些体系的一些关键元素，以及危害、暴露与风险评估方法演变所带来的挑战，并就如何进一步改进和完善化学品管理体系提出了个人的见解和建议。
진관주요발체국가적화학품관리체계이경운행료30다년，단제다불완선사저사체계잉연불단면림도전。저사인소포괄수거적질량화수량，대감관공작인원여자원적수구증장，위해화폭로평고방법적연변，이급화학품관리구경시응해기우풍험（위해화폭로）환시기우위해적쟁명。신흥국가화발전중국가재건립각자적화학품관리체계적과정중，박절희망차감발체국가적경험，감소혹피면이왕실오화현존적결함。즉사여차，정재신건혹완선적국가관리체계，야환회면림착상동적명제혹자신적도전。본문착중이개인적친신경험，평술료미국화구주이유적관리체계화정재완선적중국적화학품관리체계，저사체계적일사관건원소，이급위해、폭로여풍험평고방법연변소대래적도전，병취여하진일보개진화완선화학품관리체계제출료개인적견해화건의。
Although che mical manage ment progra ms have been in place in several countries for more than 30 years they continue to be chal enged by factors such as data quality and quantity,greater de mand on regulatory staff and re-sources,an evolution in hazard and exposure assess ment methods,and continued debate about manage ment progra ms that are risk-based (hazard and exposure)or hazard-based.Countries developing their own che mical manage ment pro-gra ms often wish to learn fro m the experience of others,and thereby have progra ms that either reduce or eli minate so me of the proble ms associated with existing progra ms.However,often even new progra ms face the sa me or new proble ms that have been associated with managing che micals.In this paper we su mmarize so me of the ele ments of existing pro-gra ms in the United States and Europe,the developing progra m in China,and the chal enges associated with the evolution of hazard,exposure and risk assess ment methods.We conclude by suggesting areas where further research may be use-ful for i mproving che mical manage ment progra ms.