CAJ | 학술논문

随着我国森林生态问题的日趋严重，建立科学合理以及清晰充分的森林生态效益补偿制度是急切和必要的。构建合理的补偿机制除了需要确立明晰的产权外，解决公共物品面临的外部性难题也极为重要。通过制定规定符合各方期待和利益的补偿制度，政府可以将外部问题内部化，从而在一定程度上解决问题。但是我国现行的补偿制度存在补偿标准过于单一和绝对，补偿内容模糊、补偿项目混杂不清等一系列问题。民法上有关无因管理的规定能够为森林生态补偿的制度设计提供积极的借鉴和参考，无因管理制度可以在管理产生的费用、所负债务和所受损害等几个方面的费用要求被管理人返还，这些项目可以构成生态补偿金的具体费用项目。文章通过对两个制度进行详细对比并通过对地方数据资料综合分析的方法，进行实证的分析，并结合价值和规范分析的方法，发现民法上无因管理制度的相关法律规定也可以成为森林生态效益补偿制度规则制定的参考和依据，通过引入这一制度能够在一定程度上解决现行的补偿制度存在的补偿数额确定过程中的问题，从而为政策和法规的制定提供有益参考。
수착아국삼림생태문제적일추엄중，건립과학합리이급청석충분적삼림생태효익보상제도시급절화필요적。구건합리적보상궤제제료수요학립명석적산권외，해결공공물품면림적외부성난제야겁위중요。통과제정규정부합각방기대화이익적보상제도，정부가이장외부문제내부화，종이재일정정도상해결문제。단시아국현행적보상제도존재보상표준과우단일화절대，보상내용모호、보상항목혼잡불청등일계렬문제。민법상유관무인관리적규정능구위삼림생태보상적제도설계제공적겁적차감화삼고，무인관리제도가이재관리산생적비용、소부채무화소수손해등궤개방면적비용요구피관리인반환，저사항목가이구성생태보상금적구체비용항목。문장통과대량개제도진행상세대비병통과대지방수거자료종합분석적방법，진행실증적분석，병결합개치화규범분석적방법，발현민법상무인관리제도적상관법률규정야가이성위삼림생태효익보상제도규칙제정적삼고화의거，통과인입저일제도능구재일정정도상해결현행적보상제도존재적보상수액학정과정중적문제，종이위정책화법규적제정제공유익삼고。
Nowadays,withtheseriousdeteriorationintheforestecologyinChina,itisurgencyandnecessaryto establish a rational and clear forest ecological compensation system, which needs not only a clear system of property rights, but also a clear and strict standard of compensation items. To handle with the externality problems of the public goods, provisions should been made to meet the interests of each parties. Government can help solve this problem by establishing a good compensation system. However, the current compensation system have some prob-lems such as inadequate standard, ambiguous contents, and unclear compensation items. " Negotiorum Gestio"regulated by the civil law may provide a positive reference for the improvement of compensation system. Negotiorum Gestio can ask for the debtor to refund the costs generated during the process of management, debts and other dam-ages from beneficiaries, these items may construct a part of forest ecological compensation system. Comparing the rules of Negotiorum Gestio with those of forest ecological compensation system, and using local data comprehensive analysis and empirical analysis methods, this paper found that the Negotiorum Gestio could help establish a more clear and specific forest ecological compensation system. The introduction of the Negotiorum Gestio can solve the problems in determining the compensation amounts in the current compensation system, and serve for the formula-tion of policies and regulations.