中国电机工程学报
中國電機工程學報
중국전궤공정학보
ZHONGGUO DIANJI GONGCHENG XUEBAO
2014年
7期
1061-1071
,共11页
电气效率%合理运行空间%并网%分层递阶控制%固体氧化物燃料电池
電氣效率%閤理運行空間%併網%分層遞階控製%固體氧化物燃料電池
전기효솔%합리운행공간%병망%분층체계공제%고체양화물연료전지
electrical efficiency%feasible operating space%grid-connected%hierarchical control scheme%solid oxide fuel cell
通过对一个基准动态模型引入能量守恒公式，该文提出适用于固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)静态安全运行的合理运行空间(feasible operating space, FOS)。输出有功P在FOS的一个边界上时其电气效率被证明为最大，此时氢气利用系数 u 和电堆温度 T 分别为允许的最大值和最小值。动态模型极点的分布表明：并网SOFC电厂实现最大效率负荷跟踪可采用含有一个快速和一个慢速控制系统的分层递阶控制策略。根据相对增益阵列分析，快速有功控制系统的2个输出P和u分别和燃料处理器输入天然气流量和功率调节单元的移相角δ强相关，从而可以被分解为2个单输入和单输出系统。相应的比例-积分-微分控制器在设计时考虑了描述各控制环相互影响的多重模型因子。慢速温度控制系统中的 T 由输入氧气流量控制。由于δ对T有显著的影响，可采用一个前馈控制器抑制扰动。仿真结果验证了整体控制方案的合理性。
通過對一箇基準動態模型引入能量守恆公式，該文提齣適用于固體氧化物燃料電池(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)靜態安全運行的閤理運行空間(feasible operating space, FOS)。輸齣有功P在FOS的一箇邊界上時其電氣效率被證明為最大，此時氫氣利用繫數 u 和電堆溫度 T 分彆為允許的最大值和最小值。動態模型極點的分佈錶明：併網SOFC電廠實現最大效率負荷跟蹤可採用含有一箇快速和一箇慢速控製繫統的分層遞階控製策略。根據相對增益陣列分析，快速有功控製繫統的2箇輸齣P和u分彆和燃料處理器輸入天然氣流量和功率調節單元的移相角δ彊相關，從而可以被分解為2箇單輸入和單輸齣繫統。相應的比例-積分-微分控製器在設計時攷慮瞭描述各控製環相互影響的多重模型因子。慢速溫度控製繫統中的 T 由輸入氧氣流量控製。由于δ對T有顯著的影響，可採用一箇前饋控製器抑製擾動。倣真結果驗證瞭整體控製方案的閤理性。
통과대일개기준동태모형인입능량수항공식，해문제출괄용우고체양화물연료전지(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)정태안전운행적합리운행공간(feasible operating space, FOS)。수출유공P재FOS적일개변계상시기전기효솔피증명위최대，차시경기이용계수 u 화전퇴온도 T 분별위윤허적최대치화최소치。동태모형겁점적분포표명：병망SOFC전엄실현최대효솔부하근종가채용함유일개쾌속화일개만속공제계통적분층체계공제책략。근거상대증익진렬분석，쾌속유공공제계통적2개수출P화u분별화연료처리기수입천연기류량화공솔조절단원적이상각δ강상관，종이가이피분해위2개단수입화단수출계통。상응적비례-적분-미분공제기재설계시고필료묘술각공제배상호영향적다중모형인자。만속온도공제계통중적 T 유수입양기류량공제。유우δ대T유현저적영향，가채용일개전궤공제기억제우동。방진결과험증료정체공제방안적합이성。
By introducing the energy balance equation in a benchmark dynamic model, a feasible operating space (FOS) for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) steady-state operating safety was proposed in this paper. The maximum electrical efficiency for a given active power (P) was proven to be on one of the boundaries of the FOS where the fuel utilization factor (u) and stack operating temperature (T) are the maximum and minimum allowable values respectively. The positions of the poles of the dynamic model indicate a hierarchical control scheme, which contains a fast and a slow control system, can be used for the SOFC power plant to achieve the maximum efficiency load-tracking under the grid-connected condition. Based on the relative gain array analysis, P and u as the two outputs of the fast active power control system are strongly dependent on the natural gas flow rate of the fuel processor and the phase shift angle (δ) of the power conditioning unit respectively. The system can therefore be decentralized to two single-input and two single-output systems. The multiplicate model factor described the loop interactions were included in the design of corresponding proportional-integral-differential (PID) controllers. The oxygen flow rate was used to regulate T in the slow temperature control system. Asδhas a significant effect on T, a feed-forward controller was used to reject the disturbance. The efficacy of the overall control scheme was verified by the simulation results.
