CAJ | 학술논문

　　为探讨饲料脂肪和蛋白质营养对工业化养殖大西洋鲑(Salmon salar L.)生长性能和肌肉品质的影响，采用3×2双因素试验设计(3脂肪水平：18%、21%、24%，即F18、F21、F24；2蛋白质水平：38%、48%，即 P38、P48)，形成6种试验处理膨化颗粒配合饲料，每处理3重复，通过在工业化封闭循环海水养殖条件下，选用初质量(650.0±45.50)g大西洋鲑720尾，进行动物饲喂试验、肌肉脂肪酸、氨基酸测试等，试验期56 d。结果表明：(1)中脂肪水平(F21)和高蛋白水平(P48)饲料的生长性能较佳。增质量率随脂肪水平提高先增加后降低，中高脂肪组比低脂肪组极显著提高43.5%(P＜0.01)；高蛋白组极显著提高44.99%(P<0.01)；中脂肪高蛋白组合(P48F21)效应最佳；(2)脂肪水平对肌肉氨基酸含量影响不显著。蛋白水平与肌肉9种必需、4种风味氨基酸含量呈正相关，高蛋白组显著提高3.60%~17.00%(P<0.05/0.01)；(3)脂肪水平与肌肉不饱和脂肪酸含量呈正相关，而蛋白水平与其呈负相关，高脂肪(P24)和低蛋白(P38)有利于提高肌肉不饱和脂肪酸含量。高脂肪组肌肉∑ω-3PUFA、∑HUFA、DHA、EPA含量比低脂肪组分别极显著或显著提高15.74%、26.60%、15.41%、7.67%(P<0.01/0.05)；低蛋白组极显著提高肌肉 DHA 含量11.91%(P＜0.01)、EPA 10.02%(P＜0.05)；低蛋白中高脂肪组合(P38F21、P38F24)效应佳。本试验研究证明，工业化工业化封闭循环水养殖大西洋鲑对脂肪营养需求有一定程度降低，本试验条件下中高脂肪与中低蛋白组合既利于提高生长性能，又增加肌肉ω-3HUFA和主要氨基酸沉积，为工业化养殖大西洋鲑的肉质改善型配合饲料研制提供了重要依据。
　　위탐토사료지방화단백질영양대공업화양식대서양해(Salmon salar L.)생장성능화기육품질적영향，채용3×2쌍인소시험설계(3지방수평：18%、21%、24%，즉F18、F21、F24；2단백질수평：38%、48%，즉 P38、P48)，형성6충시험처리팽화과립배합사료，매처리3중복，통과재공업화봉폐순배해수양식조건하，선용초질량(650.0±45.50)g대서양해720미，진행동물사위시험、기육지방산、안기산측시등，시험기56 d。결과표명：(1)중지방수평(F21)화고단백수평(P48)사료적생장성능교가。증질량솔수지방수평제고선증가후강저，중고지방조비저지방조겁현저제고43.5%(P＜0.01)；고단백조겁현저제고44.99%(P<0.01)；중지방고단백조합(P48F21)효응최가；(2)지방수평대기육안기산함량영향불현저。단백수평여기육9충필수、4충풍미안기산함량정정상관，고단백조현저제고3.60%~17.00%(P<0.05/0.01)；(3)지방수평여기육불포화지방산함량정정상관，이단백수평여기정부상관，고지방(P24)화저단백(P38)유리우제고기육불포화지방산함량。고지방조기육∑ω-3PUFA、∑HUFA、DHA、EPA함량비저지방조분별겁현저혹현저제고15.74%、26.60%、15.41%、7.67%(P<0.01/0.05)；저단백조겁현저제고기육 DHA 함량11.91%(P＜0.01)、EPA 10.02%(P＜0.05)；저단백중고지방조합(P38F21、P38F24)효응가。본시험연구증명，공업화공업화봉폐순배수양식대서양해대지방영양수구유일정정도강저，본시험조건하중고지방여중저단백조합기리우제고생장성능，우증가기육ω-3HUFA화주요안기산침적，위공업화양식대서양해적육질개선형배합사료연제제공료중요의거。
In order to investigate effects of dietary fat and protein on the growth, FCR, content of muscle fat, pro-tein, amino acid and fatty acid of Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L.), a random 3×2 two-factor animal experiment was conducted for 56 days in a recirculating aquaculture system (650.0±45.50 g). The experimental diets include three fat levels (18%, 21%, 24%; F18, F21, F24) and two protein levels (38%, 48%; P38, P48). The results show that: 1) Medium fat level(F21)and high protein level (P48) exhibited better growth performance. Weigh gain ra-tion(WGR)at high and medium fat levels(F21, F24)is 43.5%higher than low fat level (F18)(P<0.01). Growth per-formance shows a positive correlation with dietary protein level and high protein (P48) leads to a 44.99% more WGR than low protein (P38)(P<0.01). The medium fat/high protein combination results in a maximum WGR. 2) Dietary fat level doesn’t show significant effect on the content of amino acid (AA) in the muscle of Atlantic salmon, but dietary protein level has a significant positive effect on 9 kinds of essential AA (EAA) and 4 kinds of flavor AA, high protein is beneficial for depositing about 3.60%~17.00%AA in muscle (P<0.01 or 0.05). 3) High fat (P24) and low protein (P38) can improve the content of unsaturated fat acid (UFA) in muscle and dietary fat has a significantly positive correlation with UFA content. The ∑ω-3PUFA、∑HUFA、DHA、EPA at high fat (F24) level is 15.74%(P<0.01), 26.60%(P<0.01), 15.41%(P<0.05) and 7.67%(P>0.05) higher than that low fat (F18) level respectively. Dietary protein and muscle UFA have a significant negative correlation and low protein levels can significantly increase contents of DHA and EPA by 11.91%(P<0.01) and 10.02%(P<0.05), respectively. Low protein/medium or high fat combinations (P38F21, P38F24) have a higher muscle UFA. 4) This study demonstrates that in industrial recirculating aquaculture system Atlantic salmon’s appropriate fat content is about 21~24%lower than that reported previously in net cage, and dietary protein can significantly promote the efficiency of growth/feed conversion. In summary, dietary fat and protein have a certain correlation with AA and UFA in muscle, namely high protein facili-tates the AA content while high fat/low protein enhance the UFA content.