矿产与地质
礦產與地質
광산여지질
MINERAL RESOURCES AND GEOLOGY
2013年
1期
1-7
,共7页
稀土矿床%化学热处理%钢材%白云鄂博%中国
稀土礦床%化學熱處理%鋼材%白雲鄂博%中國
희토광상%화학열처리%강재%백운악박%중국
rare earth deposit%chemical heat treatment%steel product%Bayan Obo%China
文章介绍了稀土矿物的化学性能和综合利用情况，稀土矿区的矿石和围岩中稀土元素总体特征非常相似，说明围岩和矿石中稀土元素特征是基本一致的。形成于裂陷盆地初期的硅质岩，比古华南残留洋盆和扬子陆块边缘的硅质岩轻稀土元素更加富集；构造拉张期形成的硅质岩为热液成因硅质岩，其稀土配分模式显示出轻稀土相对亏损、Eu 正异常特征；构造稳定期形成的硅质岩为沉积成因硅质岩，稀土配分模式显示出轻稀土相对富集、Eu 弱负异常征。我国稀土矿产主要集中在华北区的内蒙古白云鄂博铁-铌、稀土矿区，其稀土储量占全国稀土总储量的90%以上，是我国轻稀土主要生产基地。在钢铁冶炼中添加稀土或碱土金属元素使镁基体中形成若干具有耐热性能的金属间化合物，抑制晶界滑移和位错，从而提高钢材的耐热性能。固溶于钢铁中的稀土可提高钢材抗高温氧化性，抑制再结晶、细化晶粒、抑制表面活性元素在晶界的偏析，提高钢材综合机械性能。
文章介紹瞭稀土礦物的化學性能和綜閤利用情況，稀土礦區的礦石和圍巖中稀土元素總體特徵非常相似，說明圍巖和礦石中稀土元素特徵是基本一緻的。形成于裂陷盆地初期的硅質巖，比古華南殘留洋盆和颺子陸塊邊緣的硅質巖輕稀土元素更加富集；構造拉張期形成的硅質巖為熱液成因硅質巖，其稀土配分模式顯示齣輕稀土相對虧損、Eu 正異常特徵；構造穩定期形成的硅質巖為沉積成因硅質巖，稀土配分模式顯示齣輕稀土相對富集、Eu 弱負異常徵。我國稀土礦產主要集中在華北區的內矇古白雲鄂博鐵-鈮、稀土礦區，其稀土儲量佔全國稀土總儲量的90%以上，是我國輕稀土主要生產基地。在鋼鐵冶煉中添加稀土或堿土金屬元素使鎂基體中形成若榦具有耐熱性能的金屬間化閤物，抑製晶界滑移和位錯，從而提高鋼材的耐熱性能。固溶于鋼鐵中的稀土可提高鋼材抗高溫氧化性，抑製再結晶、細化晶粒、抑製錶麵活性元素在晶界的偏析，提高鋼材綜閤機械性能。
문장개소료희토광물적화학성능화종합이용정황，희토광구적광석화위암중희토원소총체특정비상상사，설명위암화광석중희토원소특정시기본일치적。형성우렬함분지초기적규질암，비고화남잔류양분화양자륙괴변연적규질암경희토원소경가부집；구조랍장기형성적규질암위열액성인규질암，기희토배분모식현시출경희토상대우손、Eu 정이상특정；구조은정기형성적규질암위침적성인규질암，희토배분모식현시출경희토상대부집、Eu 약부이상정。아국희토광산주요집중재화북구적내몽고백운악박철-니、희토광구，기희토저량점전국희토총저량적90%이상，시아국경희토주요생산기지。재강철야련중첨가희토혹감토금속원소사미기체중형성약간구유내열성능적금속간화합물，억제정계활이화위착，종이제고강재적내열성능。고용우강철중적희토가제고강재항고온양화성，억제재결정、세화정립、억제표면활성원소재정계적편석，제고강재종합궤계성능。
This paper introduces comprehensive utilization and chemical properties of rare earth mineral. The overall characteristics of rare earth elements (REEs) in rocks and wall rocks inside rare earth area are rather similar with each other, therefore REEs in rocks and wall rocks are basically consistent. Light rare earth elements (LREEs) in Silicalite that formed in faulted basin is more concentrated than LREEs in silicalite that formed in ancient South-China remnant ocean basin and on the fringe of Yangtze block. Silicalite that formed in tectonic extension phase is silicalite of hydrothermal origin, and its rare earth assemblage model shows relatively depleted light rare earth and positive Eu anomaly;Silicalite that formed in tectonic stability phase is silicalite of sedimentary origin, and its rare earth assem-blage model shows relatively concentrated light rare earth and weak negative Eu anomaly. The rare earth mineral prod-ucts mainly occur in Bayan Obo Fe-Nb rare earth mining area. The area is one of the primary production bases of rare earth in China and its reserve of the rare earth accounts for over 90% of the total reserve of rare earth in China. Rare earth or alkaline-earth metal elements can be added in the steel smelting in order to produce several heat-resisting in-termetallic compounds inside the magnesium matrix and inhibit grain boundary glide and dislocation, thus it can im-prove the heat-resistance of steel products. Rare earth dissolved in steel can improve its high-temperature oxidation re-sistance, inhibit recrystallization, refine crystalline grain and inhibit aliquation of surface active elements on grain boundary, thus it can improve the comprehensive mechanical performance of the steel.
