山东农业科学
山東農業科學
산동농업과학
SHANGDONG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
2014年
6期
51-53,58
,共4页
黄迎光%郑以宏%袁永胜%井淑香%张宾
黃迎光%鄭以宏%袁永勝%井淑香%張賓
황영광%정이굉%원영성%정숙향%장빈
小麦%倒伏%产量损失
小麥%倒伏%產量損失
소맥%도복%산량손실
Wheat%Lodging%Yield loss
本试验结果表明：小麦生育中后期发生倒伏均会造成减产，倒伏时期对小麦产量的影响大于倒伏程度。从倒伏时期来看，处理间减产量由大到小依次为：灌浆始期＞开花期＞灌浆中期＞灌浆后期，减产幅度分别为37．29％、29．36％、10．80％和4．26％。从倒伏程度来看，总体表现为倒伏越严重减产幅度也越大。穗粒数减少和千粒重降低是倒伏造成小麦减产的主要原因。开花期和灌浆始期平铺处理穗粒数分别比对照减少12．25％和10．04％，倾斜倒伏处理分别比对照减少4．92％和7．28％。灌浆始期倒伏对粒重的影响最大，灌浆中期和开花期次之，灌浆后期影响最小。除开花期外，同一倒伏时期内倒伏程度处理间千粒重差异不明显，产量差异不显著。因此，在小麦后期倒伏产量减损评估中，可以将不同倒伏程度的小麦产量损失进行合并分析，倒伏时期可作为评价小麦产量损失的主要依据。
本試驗結果錶明：小麥生育中後期髮生倒伏均會造成減產，倒伏時期對小麥產量的影響大于倒伏程度。從倒伏時期來看，處理間減產量由大到小依次為：灌漿始期＞開花期＞灌漿中期＞灌漿後期，減產幅度分彆為37．29％、29．36％、10．80％和4．26％。從倒伏程度來看，總體錶現為倒伏越嚴重減產幅度也越大。穗粒數減少和韆粒重降低是倒伏造成小麥減產的主要原因。開花期和灌漿始期平鋪處理穗粒數分彆比對照減少12．25％和10．04％，傾斜倒伏處理分彆比對照減少4．92％和7．28％。灌漿始期倒伏對粒重的影響最大，灌漿中期和開花期次之，灌漿後期影響最小。除開花期外，同一倒伏時期內倒伏程度處理間韆粒重差異不明顯，產量差異不顯著。因此，在小麥後期倒伏產量減損評估中，可以將不同倒伏程度的小麥產量損失進行閤併分析，倒伏時期可作為評價小麥產量損失的主要依據。
본시험결과표명：소맥생육중후기발생도복균회조성감산，도복시기대소맥산량적영향대우도복정도。종도복시기래간，처리간감산량유대도소의차위：관장시기＞개화기＞관장중기＞관장후기，감산폭도분별위37．29％、29．36％、10．80％화4．26％。종도복정도래간，총체표현위도복월엄중감산폭도야월대。수립수감소화천립중강저시도복조성소맥감산적주요원인。개화기화관장시기평포처리수립수분별비대조감소12．25％화10．04％，경사도복처리분별비대조감소4．92％화7．28％。관장시기도복대립중적영향최대，관장중기화개화기차지，관장후기영향최소。제개화기외，동일도복시기내도복정도처리간천립중차이불명현，산량차이불현저。인차，재소맥후기도복산량감손평고중，가이장불동도복정도적소맥산량손실진행합병분석，도복시기가작위평개소맥산량손실적주요의거。
The results showed that lodging during heading to late filling stage all could lead to yield loss . The effect of lodging period on wheat yield was higher than that of lodging degree .The yield losses caused by lodging at initial grain filling stage , anthesis stage , mid-filling stage and late filling stage were 37 .29%, 29.36%, 10.80%and 4.26%respectively.And the more serious the lodging was, the bigger the loss was. The yield loss was mainly due to the decrease of grain number per spike and thousand -grain weight .Com-pared with control , the grain number per spike of flat lodging treatment at anthesis stage and initial grain filling stage decreased by 12.25% and 10.04% respectively, and that of leaning lodging treatment decreased by 4 .92%and 7 .28%respectively .Lodging at initial grain filling stage had the biggest effects on grain weight , then the mid-filling stage and anthesis stage , the late filling stage had the least .Except for anthesis stage , there was no significant difference on thousand -grain weight and yield between flat lodging and leaning lodg-ing treatment at the same stage .The results suggested that at the assessment of wheat yield loss at the late de-velopmental stage , the grain losses caused by different lodging degrees could be integrated , and the lodging period could be regarded as the primary evaluation basis .
