CAJ | 학술논문

以鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕等为蛋白原料设计配方，磷酸二氢钙的添加量分别为1.5%、1.0%、0.5%和0(对应的饲料组为P1.5、PP1.0、PP0.5和PP0组)，其中PP1.0、PP0.5和PP0组中均添加200 mg/kg的中性植酸酶，开展为期8周的黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)养殖实验，以探讨中性植酸酶替代磷酸二氢钙对黑鲷生长和磷利用的影响。结果显示，黑鲷摄食实验饲料8周后，各组间成活率无显著差异(P>0.05)；摄食饲料PP1.0、PP0.5和对照组(P1.5组)实验鱼的增重率无显著差异(P>0.05)，但均显著高于 PP0处理组，饲料系数则显著低于 PP0处理组(P<0.05)。摄食不同饲料的黑鲷全鱼中蛋白质、脂肪、灰分及钙磷含量在不同组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加植酸酶的各组鱼磷的表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着磷酸二氢钙添加量的降低，黑鲷对干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率呈升高的趋势，当饲料中磷酸二氢钙的添加量降到0时，黑鲷对干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。以上结果说明，在本研究配方下，黑鲷正常生长对饲料有效磷的需求量≥0.51%；磷酸二氢钙可部分被植酸酶替代，当黑鲷饲料中含有20%鱼粉、32%豆粕和12%菜粕，且植酸酶添加量为200 mg/kg时，与饲料中添加1%的磷酸二氢钙相当；在不影响黑鲷生长的前提下，植酸酶部分替代磷酸二氢钙不仅可降低无机磷的添加，同时可提高饲料中磷的利用率，降低磷排放。
이어분、두박、채박등위단백원료설계배방，린산이경개적첨가량분별위1.5%、1.0%、0.5%화0(대응적사료조위P1.5、PP1.0、PP0.5화PP0조)，기중PP1.0、PP0.5화PP0조중균첨가200 mg/kg적중성식산매，개전위기8주적흑조(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)양식실험，이탐토중성식산매체대린산이경개대흑조생장화린이용적영향。결과현시，흑조섭식실험사료8주후，각조간성활솔무현저차이(P>0.05)；섭식사료PP1.0、PP0.5화대조조(P1.5조)실험어적증중솔무현저차이(P>0.05)，단균현저고우 PP0처리조，사료계수칙현저저우 PP0처리조(P<0.05)。섭식불동사료적흑조전어중단백질、지방、회분급개린함량재불동조간균무현저차이(P>0.05)。첨가식산매적각조어린적표관소화솔균현저고우대조조(P<0.05)。수착린산이경개첨가량적강저，흑조대간물질화단백질적표관소화솔정승고적추세，당사료중린산이경개적첨가량강도0시，흑조대간물질화단백질적표관소화솔현저고우대조조(P<0.05)。이상결과설명，재본연구배방하，흑조정상생장대사료유효린적수구량≥0.51%；린산이경개가부분피식산매체대，당흑조사료중함유20%어분、32%두박화12%채박，차식산매첨가량위200 mg/kg시，여사료중첨가1%적린산이경개상당；재불영향흑조생장적전제하，식산매부분체대린산이경개불부가강저무궤린적첨가，동시가제고사료중린적이용솔，강저린배방。
Because of a decrease in production and increase in the cost of fishmeal, there is increased interest in the use of plant-based feed in aquaculture. However, one of the major problems associated with the use of plant protein in fish feed is the presence of anti-nutritional factors, such as phytate, which is the primary storage form of phosphorus. Phy-tate is essentially unavailable to monogastric or agastric aquatic animals as they lack intestinal phytase that promote phytate hydrolysis during digestion. To address this issue, diets for monogastric or stomachless animals are often sup-plemented with monocalcium phosphate (MCP) to meet their phosphorus requirements. However, MCP is derived from fossils so it is a non-renewable resource. Furthermore, the cost of rock phosphorus has increased dramatically over the past several years. Alternatively, exogenous phytase can be added to hydrolyze phytate, and thus improve the use of phytate phosphorus. Thus, the addition of phytase may lower the need for MCP supplementation, thereby lower feed costs. This strategy may also lower the concentration of phosphorus excreted, resulting in lower eutrophication of the surrounding waters. We evaluated whether neutral phytase could partially replace MCP, and thus reduce the dietary in-clusion of MCP. The fish (initial body weight:11.52 ± 0.12 g) were fed one of four diets for 8 weeks:a control diet (designated P1.5) was prepared with 1.5%MCP but without phytase and three other diets (designated as PP1.5, PP1.0, and PP0.5) were supplemented with 1.5%, 1.0%, or 0.5%MCP, respectively, and 200 mg/kg (diet) phytase. Fish fed PP1.0 and PP0.5 had no significant change in weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency rate (PER), or feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control (P>0.05), whereas fish fed PP0 had significantly lower growth performance in the above parameters (P>0.05). Phytase addition did not affect body composition. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of crude protein and phosphorus increased when fish were fed with the diets in which MCP was replaced by phytase. Additionally, phosphorus discharge was significantly reduced in fish fed diets in which MCP was replaced by phytase. Our results suggest that the dietary phosphorus requirement for meeting normal growth in black sea bream is≥0.51%. MCP can partially be replaced by phytase without affecting the growth of black sea bream. A diet containing 200 mg/kg phytase is equivalent to 1%MCP. The partial substitution of MCP by phytase not only reduces inorganic phosphorus addition to the surrounding waters, but also improves use of phosphorus in the feed.