CAJ | 학술논문

本研究分析了长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)白壳色、黑壳色、金壳色和紫壳色4种壳色家系各生长阶段的表型性状及成贝生长和存活性状基因型与环境的互作效应。结果表明,浮游阶段10日龄后,金壳色和紫壳色家系壳高显著高于白壳色家系和对照组(P<0.05)；稚贝阶段40和100日龄紫壳色家系壳高显著高于对照组(P<0.05),160日龄白壳色家系壳高显著小于其他家系(P<0.05)；成贝阶段金壳色家系壳高和总重显著高于白壳色和黑壳色家系及对照组(P<0.05)。浮游阶段15和20日龄紫壳色家系存活率显著高于其他家系(P<0.05)；稚贝期各家系存活率差异不显著(P>0.05)；420日龄紫壳色家系存活率显著高于其他家系(P<0.05)。基因型与环境互作效应对双岛湾和海阳所海区长牡蛎成贝壳高和壳长影响显著(P<0.05),对总重和存活率的影响不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明长牡蛎壳色与其生长和存活性状关联显著,成贝阶段生长和存活性状的基因型与环境互作效应相对较弱,不会对长牡蛎在两海区的育种效果产生显著影响。
본연구분석료장모려(Crassostrea gigas)백각색、흑각색、금각색화자각색4충각색가계각생장계단적표형성상급성패생장화존활성상기인형여배경적호작효응。결과표명,부유계단10일령후,금각색화자각색가계각고현저고우백각색가계화대조조(P<0.05)；치패계단40화100일령자각색가계각고현저고우대조조(P<0.05),160일령백각색가계각고현저소우기타가계(P<0.05)；성패계단금각색가계각고화총중현저고우백각색화흑각색가계급대조조(P<0.05)。부유계단15화20일령자각색가계존활솔현저고우기타가계(P<0.05)；치패기각가계존활솔차이불현저(P>0.05)；420일령자각색가계존활솔현저고우기타가계(P<0.05)。기인형여배경호작효응대쌍도만화해양소해구장모려성패각고화각장영향현저(P<0.05),대총중화존활솔적영향불현저(P>0.05)。연구표명장모려각색여기생장화존활성상관련현저,성패계단생장화존활성상적기인형여배경호작효응상대교약,불회대장모려재량해구적육충효과산생현저영향。
Color polymorphism is relatively common in marine shellfish. Shell color affects the visual perception of products which, in turn, influences consumer preference and product value. The shell color of marine mollusks is a ge-netically-based phenotypic trait and is therefore amenable to artificial selection. Furthermore, distinctive pigment colors or color patterns in several marine shellfish species are controlled by genes segregated at only one or two loci. The ge-netic control of shell pigment was recently determined for Crassostrea gigas, and the narrow-sense heritability of left-shell pigmentation was estimated at 0.59 ± 0.19. To increase the value of C. gigas sold as“singles”for the half-shell market, there has been a recent increase in interest in selective breeding for desirable shell colors in C. gigas. In par-ticular, research has focused on the relationship between shell color and phenotypic traits in C. gigas and the effect of genotype-environment interactions on adult fitness. Four shell color families (white, black, golden, and purple) and the control group were established by separately selecting corresponding parents in Rushan Bay, Weihai of Shandong Province. The larvae, spat, and adults were reared following standard practices, and the rearing conditions were identi-cal between families to minimize environmental effects. We measured the growth performance (shell height, shell length and total weight) and survival rate of these families during the larval, spat, and adult periods. We used bi-independent variables analysis to test the genotype-environment interaction effect of the phenotypic traits during the adult period. At days 10, 15, and 20, the larval shell height of the golden and purple shell families was significantly higher than that of the white shell family and the control family. At days 15 and 20, the larval survival rate of the purple shell family was significantly higher than that of other families (P<0.05). At days 40 and 100, the juvenile shell height of the purple shell family was higher than that of the control family (P<0.05). At day 160, the juvenile shell height of the white shell family was lower than that of the other families at both study locations (P<0.05). There was no signifi-cant difference in survival between families during the juvenile period (P<0.05). At day 340, the shell height and total weight of the golden shell family were significantly higher than those of the white shell, the black shell, and the control families (P<0.05). At day 420, the adult shell height and total weight of the golden and purple shell families were significantly higher than those of the white shell, the black shell, and the control families (P<0.05). The survival of the purple shell family was higher than that of the other families (P<0.05). The shell height and shell length of adult oysters were affected by the interaction of genotype and environment. Our results suggest there is an association between shell color and other phenotypic traits in C. gigas. The interaction between genotype and environment had a scaling influence, so should have little effect on breeding programs for C. gigas. Our results provide a basis for the selective breeding of high yield C. gigas using shell colors as a candidate marker.