工程地质学报
工程地質學報
공정지질학보
2014年
3期
515-521
,共7页
生态脆弱区%砂层潜水%压水试验%卸压试验%保水采煤%分区标准
生態脆弱區%砂層潛水%壓水試驗%卸壓試驗%保水採煤%分區標準
생태취약구%사층잠수%압수시험%사압시험%보수채매%분구표준
Ecological fragile mining area%Phreatic water in sand-layer%Water pressure test%Unloading test%Water protected mining%Division criterion
生态脆弱区如何实施水资源保护性采煤是一项重大的研究课题，开展相关水文地质工程地质条件勘探测试，进行地质条件分区的研究，是实施保水采煤的重要基础和前提。以陕北典型矿井为例，在勘探测试的基础上，进采前、采后现场压水试验及室内模拟开采覆岩变形破坏过程渗透性变化试验测试等，结果表明煤层采动对上覆岩土体渗透性有不同程度影响。基岩中粉砂岩、泥岩开采前渗透性较小，可作为弱隔水层；煤层开采后，整体移动带内基岩的渗透性出现不同程度的增大，渗透系数提高了约1个数量级，而红黏土渗透性变异不明显，表明红黏土为采后的关键隔水层。按照采动后潜水漏失量、补给量和水位变化关系，将生态脆弱区保水采煤条件划分为不失水区、轻微失水区、一般失水区和严重失水区4种类型；依据水均衡原理推导出4种类型的条件分区确定公式，并给出了应用实例。
生態脆弱區如何實施水資源保護性採煤是一項重大的研究課題，開展相關水文地質工程地質條件勘探測試，進行地質條件分區的研究，是實施保水採煤的重要基礎和前提。以陝北典型礦井為例，在勘探測試的基礎上，進採前、採後現場壓水試驗及室內模擬開採覆巖變形破壞過程滲透性變化試驗測試等，結果錶明煤層採動對上覆巖土體滲透性有不同程度影響。基巖中粉砂巖、泥巖開採前滲透性較小，可作為弱隔水層；煤層開採後，整體移動帶內基巖的滲透性齣現不同程度的增大，滲透繫數提高瞭約1箇數量級，而紅黏土滲透性變異不明顯，錶明紅黏土為採後的關鍵隔水層。按照採動後潛水漏失量、補給量和水位變化關繫，將生態脆弱區保水採煤條件劃分為不失水區、輕微失水區、一般失水區和嚴重失水區4種類型；依據水均衡原理推導齣4種類型的條件分區確定公式，併給齣瞭應用實例。
생태취약구여하실시수자원보호성채매시일항중대적연구과제，개전상관수문지질공정지질조건감탐측시，진행지질조건분구적연구，시실시보수채매적중요기출화전제。이협북전형광정위례，재감탐측시적기출상，진채전、채후현장압수시험급실내모의개채복암변형파배과정삼투성변화시험측시등，결과표명매층채동대상복암토체삼투성유불동정도영향。기암중분사암、니암개채전삼투성교소，가작위약격수층；매층개채후，정체이동대내기암적삼투성출현불동정도적증대，삼투계수제고료약1개수량급，이홍점토삼투성변이불명현，표명홍점토위채후적관건격수층。안조채동후잠수루실량、보급량화수위변화관계，장생태취약구보수채매조건화분위불실수구、경미실수구、일반실수구화엄중실수구4충류형；의거수균형원리추도출4충류형적조건분구학정공식，병급출료응용실례。
How to implement mining with water protection is a major research topic in ecologically fragile areas. Hydrogeology and engineering geology conditions exploration test and division index study are an important foundation and prerequisite for the implementation of water protected mining.This paper takes a typical mine of northern Shaanxi as an example.It is based on the exploration test.It includes the results of water pressure test before and after mining,indoor simulation of mining overburden rock deformation and failure process of permeability variation test.The results show that coal mining has a different impact on overlying rock mass permeability.The permeability of siltstone and mudstone is lesser and it can be used as a weak aquifuge.After mining,the bedrock permeability of the overall mobile belt appears varying degree of increase.The permeability coefficient increases about one order of magnitude.The red clay permeability variation is not obvious.Red clay can be used as key aquifuge before mining.According to water resources leakage,recharge and water level changes,the ecological fragile area is divided into four zones,i.e.,not influenced zone,zone of light water leakage,zone of normal water leakage and zone of serious water leakage.On the basis of the principle of water balance,the condition partition index of the four types calculation formula is derived.The application example is given.
