CAJ | 학술논문

对五节芒与荻种间人工杂交种群体的开花物候、花粉育性、结实率和花粉母细胞减数分裂行为进行了观察，结果表明，1）F1植株群体和个体花期持续时间长，从6月上中旬至10月中下旬，个体之间花期具很高同步性；通过对抽穗开花分蘖数的统计分析，在杂交种的持续开花过程中，可以将群体和个体的花期分为2个开花高峰，第1次开花高峰出现在6月，第2个开花高峰期出现在9月；从孕穗期和始花期的时间看，杂交种66．07％的个体的花期偏向于早花的荻亲本，31．25％的个体的花期与亲本五节芒相近，只有2．68％的花期晚于五节芒，说明早花性状的遗传力高；开花物候指数与结实率之间的相关分析结果表明，始花时间与结实率呈负相关关系，开花数和花期持续时间与结实率呈正相关关系。2）亲本荻和五节芒花粉育性较高，可育花粉率显著高于 F1群体植株；F1群体2次开花高峰的花粉育性分别为（50．79±18．61）％，（65．42±14．71）％，第2次开花高峰时的花粉育性比第1次开花高峰时高；花粉育性在杂交种群体个体间有较大的差异，平均变异系数为29．56％；花粉育性与结实率的关系不密切，相关系数低，未达到显著性水平。3）种间杂交种 F1的花粉母细胞减数分裂基本正常，只有少部分的花粉母细胞出现染色体的异常行为，各时期异常行为率均低于2．0％。本试验结果说明五节芒和荻有很近的亲缘关系，开花物候和生殖特性的研究数据表明杂交种进行进一步遗传改良不存在障碍。
대오절망여적충간인공잡교충군체적개화물후、화분육성、결실솔화화분모세포감수분렬행위진행료관찰，결과표명，1）F1식주군체화개체화기지속시간장，종6월상중순지10월중하순，개체지간화기구흔고동보성；통과대추수개화분얼수적통계분석，재잡교충적지속개화과정중，가이장군체화개체적화기분위2개개화고봉，제1차개화고봉출현재6월，제2개개화고봉기출현재9월；종잉수기화시화기적시간간，잡교충66．07％적개체적화기편향우조화적적친본，31．25％적개체적화기여친본오절망상근，지유2．68％적화기만우오절망，설명조화성상적유전력고；개화물후지수여결실솔지간적상관분석결과표명，시화시간여결실솔정부상관관계，개화수화화기지속시간여결실솔정정상관관계。2）친본적화오절망화분육성교고，가육화분솔현저고우 F1군체식주；F1군체2차개화고봉적화분육성분별위（50．79±18．61）％，（65．42±14．71）％，제2차개화고봉시적화분육성비제1차개화고봉시고；화분육성재잡교충군체개체간유교대적차이，평균변이계수위29．56％；화분육성여결실솔적관계불밀절，상관계수저，미체도현저성수평。3）충간잡교충 F1적화분모세포감수분렬기본정상，지유소부분적화분모세포출현염색체적이상행위，각시기이상행위솔균저우2．0％。본시험결과설명오절망화적유흔근적친연관계，개화물후화생식특성적연구수거표명잡교충진행진일보유전개량불존재장애。
Flowering phenology and reproductive features of hybrid offspring are the chief factors that reflect the potentiality of genetic improvement in breeding proj ect.In our study,we investigated the flowering phenology and reproductive features (pollen fertility,seed setting and the process of meiosis in pollen production)of an artificial F1 population crossed by M.floridulus and M.sacchariflorus.The main results were:1)The flower-ing periods of both F1 population and individual plants are generally long,from the early or mid-June to mid or late-October,individual plants in the population showed high degree of flowering synchrony;the flowering du-ration of population and single plant can divided into two peaks based on the statistical number of spikelets and tillering during the flowering stage,which appeared at June and September respectively;according to the boo-ting and onset stage,66.07% individuals were more like the parent species M.sacchariflorus,while other 31.25% were prone to M.floridulus,only 2.68% individuals showed extremely late flowering,these indicated early flowering has dominant heritability;Seed setting rate was negatively correlated with flowering onset,and positively correlated with flowering number and duration.2 )The parent species M.floridulus and M.sac-chariflorus had high degree of pollen fertility,while the rate of fertility pollen of F1 population was obvious higher than of the parents;the pollen fertility of the F1 population in the second peak is higher than that of the first peak,were (65.42±14.71)% and (50.79±18.61)% respectively;The pollen fertility was significant va-riant among the F1 population,the average variant coefficient reach 29.56%;the pollen fertility seemed to with no correction with seeding setting rate.3)The meiosis process of the pollen mother cell was general normal in the F1 plants,only small part which less than 2% had chromosome abnormalities.All the above results indica-ted M.floridulus and M.sacchariflorus have no crossing barrier,enable the potential to produce hybrid culti-vars.