CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解重庆市九龙坡区1957-2012年间流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行特点和趋势，为制订有效的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对历年流脑疫情资料采用EXCEL建立数据库，进行描述性流行病学分析。结果1957-2012年累计报告流脑发病4720例，死亡271例，年平均发病率为16.03/10万，死亡率为0.92/10万，病死率为5.74%，于1959年和1967年出现两次流行高峰，发病率分别为529.44/10万、262.68/10万。56年来流脑发病率和死亡率呈持续下降趋势，至2001-2012年全区流脑年均发病率和死亡率分别下降到0.16/10万和0.01/10万。发病有明显的季节性高峰，1~4月占发病总数的86.48%；农村发病数多于城市；年龄集中在10岁以下儿童占93.84%；职业以儿童(56.21%)和学生(39.62%)为主。结论近年来重庆市九龙坡区流脑发病率和死亡率呈明显下降趋势，预防控制效果显著，这与流脑疫苗的应用有关，应继续加强流脑疫苗接种和疫情监测等综合措施，达到基本消除流脑的目标。
목적：료해중경시구룡파구1957-2012년간류행성뇌척수막염적류행특점화추세，위제정유효적예방공제책략제공과학의거。방법대력년류뇌역정자료채용EXCEL건립수거고，진행묘술성류행병학분석。결과1957-2012년루계보고류뇌발병4720례，사망271례，년평균발병솔위16.03/10만，사망솔위0.92/10만，병사솔위5.74%，우1959년화1967년출현량차류행고봉，발병솔분별위529.44/10만、262.68/10만。56년래류뇌발병솔화사망솔정지속하강추세，지2001-2012년전구류뇌년균발병솔화사망솔분별하강도0.16/10만화0.01/10만。발병유명현적계절성고봉，1~4월점발병총수적86.48%；농촌발병수다우성시；년령집중재10세이하인동점93.84%；직업이인동(56.21%)화학생(39.62%)위주。결론근년래중경시구룡파구류뇌발병솔화사망솔정명현하강추세，예방공제효과현저，저여류뇌역묘적응용유관，응계속가강류뇌역묘접충화역정감측등종합조시，체도기본소제류뇌적목표。
Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics and trend of ECM in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing from 1957~2012 ,and provide a scientific basis for the disease control and prevention.Methods Data were input using EXECL and analyzed using descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 4720 patients with ECM including 271 deaths were reported from 1957-2012. The annual incidence rate of ECM was 16.03 per 100 000 popu-lation,the mortality rate was 0.92 per 100 000 population and the case-fatality rate was 5.74%. Two incidence peaks were in 1959 (529.44/per 100 000) and 1967 (262.68 per 100 000). A decreasing trend in incidence rate and mortality rate was observed. By 2001~2012, the annual incidence rate and the mortality rate of ECM declined to 0.16 per 100 000 population and 0.01 per 100 000 respectively.It showed a clear seasonal pattern,with the incidence increasing dur-ing January to April the rate of incidence was 86.48%of all cases;The cases in rural was more than urban;Children under 10 years old were the susceptible population (93.84% of all cases); Occupation showed mainly in children (56.12%) and students (39.62%). Conclusion The gradual decline of incidence and fatality of ECM and the remark-ble efffect of prevention and control of the disease might be the result of available vaccine strategy. Therefore the sur-veillance,control and prevention of meningococcal meningitis disease should be strengthened in order to eliminate ECM are important.