灾害学
災害學
재해학
JOURNAL OF CATASTROPHOLOGY
2014年
3期
206-213
,共8页
巨灾复杂性%功能体系%备灾%应急%恢复%重建%对比分析
巨災複雜性%功能體繫%備災%應急%恢複%重建%對比分析
거재복잡성%공능체계%비재%응급%회복%중건%대비분석
the complexity of Large-scale disaster%disaster response function system%disaster preparedness%disaster emergency%disaster recovery%disaster reconstruction%comparison of disaster response system
以中国应对2008年南方雨雪冰冻灾害与美国应对2005年卡特里娜飓风灾害为例，基于综合风险防范的功能优化模式，比较中美两国在备灾、应急、恢复、重建等四个环节应对巨灾的共性与差异。结果表明，美国“自下而上”的被动应对模式在巨灾应对的预警报部分与灾后重建利用市场机制的对策中表现较优，而中国“自上而下”的主动应对模式在应急与恢复阶段采取主动且高效的应对措施中表现较优。两种模式值得相互补充借鉴。因此，应结合中国的主动应对模式与美国的被动应对模式，形成“自上而下”与“自下而上”一体化的综合巨灾应对模式。
以中國應對2008年南方雨雪冰凍災害與美國應對2005年卡特裏娜颶風災害為例，基于綜閤風險防範的功能優化模式，比較中美兩國在備災、應急、恢複、重建等四箇環節應對巨災的共性與差異。結果錶明，美國“自下而上”的被動應對模式在巨災應對的預警報部分與災後重建利用市場機製的對策中錶現較優，而中國“自上而下”的主動應對模式在應急與恢複階段採取主動且高效的應對措施中錶現較優。兩種模式值得相互補充藉鑒。因此，應結閤中國的主動應對模式與美國的被動應對模式，形成“自上而下”與“自下而上”一體化的綜閤巨災應對模式。
이중국응대2008년남방우설빙동재해여미국응대2005년잡특리나구풍재해위례，기우종합풍험방범적공능우화모식，비교중미량국재비재、응급、회복、중건등사개배절응대거재적공성여차이。결과표명，미국“자하이상”적피동응대모식재거재응대적예경보부분여재후중건이용시장궤제적대책중표현교우，이중국“자상이하”적주동응대모식재응급여회복계단채취주동차고효적응대조시중표현교우。량충모식치득상호보충차감。인차，응결합중국적주동응대모식여미국적피동응대모식，형성“자상이하”여“자하이상”일체화적종합거재응대모식。
Based on the function system defined in integrated disaster risk governance,we compare the differ-ence of disaster preparedness,emergency response,recovery,and reconstruction between the case of 2008 southern China freezing rain and snow storm disaster and the case of 2005 hurricane Katrina in U.S.This study has revealed that the performance of the early warning system in the emergency response stage and the reconstruction process with the full usage of market mechanism in U.S.present its efficiency of the passive “bottom-up”model.In the contrast,the disaster emergency response and rapid recovery processes in Chinese active“top-down”model present its effectiveness.The integrated approach needs to learn from both models and gradually establish a comprehensive large-scale disaster response model.
