CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解天津地区大学生过敏性疾病相关症状的发生情况和特点，为制定过敏性疾病预防措施提供参考。方法以现场问卷调查的方式，对天津医科大学广东路校区所有大一至大四在校学生进行问卷调查，问卷主要内容包括一般情况、过敏原、过敏症状、成人与儿童时期过敏原变动、过敏人群的季节分布、城乡分布、家族史及治疗措施等7部分。问卷收回后录入数据库，进行统计分析。结果调查总共发放问卷788份，收回727份，应答率为92．3％，有效问卷663份，其中139例患过敏性疾病，患病率为21．0％。过敏原以花粉、化妆品、粉尘、药物为主，引起的主要症状是皮疹、皮肤瘙痒脱屑、耳洞瘙痒发炎。儿童时期过敏而成年后不过敏的过敏物有水产品、药物、花粉、鸡蛋、牛奶、小麦等。调查对象中286人来自城市，81人（28．3％）有过敏史；377人来自农村，58人（15．4％）有过敏史，城市过敏患病率高于农村，且差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。42例学生有家族过敏史，父母有无过敏性疾病其子女过敏性疾病患病率的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。过敏好发季节以不定季或春夏季为主。过敏者中67例（48．2％）曾选择自己购买抗过敏药作为控制措施，94例（67．6％）就医治疗，100例（71．9％）选择远离过敏原，25例（18．0％）未采取措施。结论天津市大学生过敏性疾病患病率较高，早期确诊并预防，以及开展相关健康教育是十分必要的。
목적：료해천진지구대학생과민성질병상관증상적발생정황화특점，위제정과민성질병예방조시제공삼고。방법이현장문권조사적방식，대천진의과대학엄동로교구소유대일지대사재교학생진행문권조사，문권주요내용포괄일반정황、과민원、과민증상、성인여인동시기과민원변동、과민인군적계절분포、성향분포、가족사급치료조시등7부분。문권수회후록입수거고，진행통계분석。결과조사총공발방문권788빈，수회727빈，응답솔위92．3％，유효문권663빈，기중139례환과민성질병，환병솔위21．0％。과민원이화분、화장품、분진、약물위주，인기적주요증상시피진、피부소양탈설、이동소양발염。인동시기과민이성년후불과민적과민물유수산품、약물、화분、계단、우내、소맥등。조사대상중286인래자성시，81인（28．3％）유과민사；377인래자농촌，58인（15．4％）유과민사，성시과민환병솔고우농촌，차차이유통계학의의（P＜0．05）。42례학생유가족과민사，부모유무과민성질병기자녀과민성질병환병솔적차이유통계학의의（P＜0．05）。과민호발계절이불정계혹춘하계위주。과민자중67례（48．2％）증선택자기구매항과민약작위공제조시，94례（67．6％）취의치료，100례（71．9％）선택원리과민원，25례（18．0％）미채취조시。결론천진시대학생과민성질병환병솔교고，조기학진병예방，이급개전상관건강교육시십분필요적。
Objective To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of allergic disease-related symptoms of 17 to 24-year-old students'in Tianjin Medical University, Guangdong Road Campus, and to pro-vide prevention measures for the allergic disease. Methods A prevalence survey through questionnaires a-mong all students (freshman to senior students) in Tianjin Medical University, Guangdong Road Campus were done. The questionnaire mainly includes 7 parts:general condition, allergens, allergic symptoms, condition of allergens change from children to adult, the seasonal distribution of people suffering from allergies, the disease distribution of urban and rural areas, family history and control measures. Withdraw questionnaires and copy data into database for statistical analysis. Results The survey distributed 788 pieces of questionnaires, 727 recovered, so the response rate was 92.3%. 663 questionnaires valid, of which 139 people suffering from aller-gic diseases, the prevalence was 21.0%. Pollen, cosmetics, dust, drugs were the main allergens. The main symptoms of allergy mainly including the skin rash, itching and scaling of skin, itching and inflammation of the ear holes. The allergens that people outgrow were aquatic products, medicine, pollen, eggs, milk, wheat, etc. 286 cases of students came from the city, 81 cases were allergic(28.3%);377 cases came from rural areas, 58 cases were allergic(15.4%). Urban's allergy prevalence was significantly higher than that of rural area, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). 42 cases of students had a family history of allergic disease, and the incidence rate of allergic diseases with genetic factor was higher than that of without genetic factor , and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Occurrence time of allergic disease was mainly irregular or the incidence season were spring and summer. 67 cases chose to buy medicine as a control measure (48.2%), 94 cases asked medical advice (67.6%), 100 cases chose to stay away from allergens (71.9%), 25 cases did not took measures (18.0%). Conclusion The allergic disease prevalence rate is higher in Tianjin's college students. Early diagnosis, prevention and relevant health education are essential.