CAJ | 학술논문

地球系统由固体地球、大气和海洋等流体层组成。在自转的地球上相对于地球表面运动的空气，因受到摩擦和山脉的作用，与转动地球之间产生转动力矩，即为大气角动量（Atmospheric angular momentum，AAM）。早期有关AAM的研究主要用于解释大气环流中信风和盛行西风得以维持的原因，而近些年来研究者更注重研究AAM的变化问题，包括山脉和摩擦力矩、角动量及其输送的季节、年际和年代际等多时间尺度的变化问题，并将其与日长（Long of day，LOD）变化、厄尔尼诺和南方涛动等地球、海洋和大气现象联系起来。作为一个描述大气环流的基本变量，AAM的平衡和异常反映了大气活动与固体地球、海洋在多时空尺度上的耦合过程。比如，大气的季节性质量重新分布（大气压）和运动（纬向风）的驱动（也就意味着AAM发生了变化）可导致LOD随之发生相应的季节性变化；从角动量守恒的角度来讲，当大气自西向东的角动量增加时，固体地球的角动量必然减小，地球自转速度减慢，LOD增大，反之亦然。因此，AAM的研究一直以来都受到气象学家、天文学家和地球科学家等的青睐。主要总结了20世纪80年代以来在地气系统角动量交换和平衡、AAM的变化及其与大气、海洋活动、地球自转的联系等方面的相关研究进展，并指出了当前研究中所存在的一些问题，为未来的科学研究提供参考。
지구계통유고체지구、대기화해양등류체층조성。재자전적지구상상대우지구표면운동적공기，인수도마찰화산맥적작용，여전동지구지간산생전동력구，즉위대기각동량（Atmospheric angular momentum，AAM）。조기유관AAM적연구주요용우해석대기배류중신풍화성행서풍득이유지적원인，이근사년래연구자경주중연구AAM적변화문제，포괄산맥화마찰력구、각동량급기수송적계절、년제화년대제등다시간척도적변화문제，병장기여일장（Long of day，LOD）변화、액이니낙화남방도동등지구、해양화대기현상련계기래。작위일개묘술대기배류적기본변량，AAM적평형화이상반영료대기활동여고체지구、해양재다시공척도상적우합과정。비여，대기적계절성질량중신분포（대기압）화운동（위향풍）적구동（야취의미착AAM발생료변화）가도치LOD수지발생상응적계절성변화；종각동량수항적각도래강，당대기자서향동적각동량증가시，고체지구적각동량필연감소，지구자전속도감만，LOD증대，반지역연。인차，AAM적연구일직이래도수도기상학가、천문학가화지구과학가등적청래。주요총결료20세기80년대이래재지기계통각동량교환화평형、AAM적변화급기여대기、해양활동、지구자전적련계등방면적상관연구진전，병지출료당전연구중소존재적일사문제，위미래적과학연구제공삼고。
The earth system is composed of solid Earth, Atmosphere, Oceans and other lfuid layers. On the Earth, the atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) is produced between the Earth and the air moving on its surface due to the friction and the mountains. Early studies on AAM are mainly used to explain why the trade winds and the prevailing westerlies maintain in the atmospheric circulation, but recently scientists have paid more attention to researches on the variation of AAM, including mountains and friction torque, angular momentum and its transportation variations on seasonal, interannual, decadal and multi-time scales, and connected these variations with length of day (LOD), ENSO and other Earth, Atmosphere and Oceans activities. As a basic variable to describe the atmospheric circulation, the balance of AAM and its anomalies relfects the coupling process between solid Earth, Atmosphere and Oceans on multi-temporal and spatial scales, for example, the seasonal atmospheric mass redistribution (atmospheric pressure) and the driven atmospheric motion (zonal wind) (which means AAM changes) can cause LOD seasonal changes. From the perspective of the law of the angular momentum conservation, when the AAM increases, the angular momentum of the solid Earth inevitably decreases with the Earth's rotation speed slowing down and LOD increases, and vice versa. Therefore, the research on AAM has always been favored by meteorologists, astronomers and Earth scientists. This paper mainly summarizes the research progress about the exchange of momentum in the Earth-Atmosphere system and its balance, the AAM’s changes and its relation to the Atmosphere, Ocean activities, and Earth's rotation since the 1980s, and points out some problems existing in current researches in order to provide references for future studies.