阅江学刊
閱江學刊
열강학간
YUEJIANG ACADEMIC JOURNAL
2014年
4期
52-59
,共8页
研究生教育%研究生培养制度%中国近代高等教育%文化冲突与融合
研究生教育%研究生培養製度%中國近代高等教育%文化遲突與融閤
연구생교육%연구생배양제도%중국근대고등교육%문화충돌여융합
postgraduate education%system of graduate education%China?s modern higher education%the collision and fusion of cultures
近代以来国门洞开，外国教育制度通过各种渠道逐渐传入中国。学习西方资本主义国家的教育经验，在中国建立近代学制，开展研究生教育，是中国新式教育事业发展的实际需要。甲午战败后，研究生教育仿效日本模式，壬寅学制和癸卯学制奠定了中国近代学制和研究生教育的基础。辛亥革命成功后，研究生教育嫁接德国模式，教育部先后颁行壬子学制和癸丑学制，仿效德国洪堡式大学中以导师指导为主的研究生培养制度。20世纪20年代以后，研究生教育移植美国模式，美式的研究生培养制度集中体现在1931年草拟、1935年修改颁布的《学位授予法》中。近代高等教育学习对象和仿效模式的频繁转换，实际上蕴含着中西学术文化的持续冲突。至今，中西学术文化尚未真正融合，中国大学的现代化仍在进行之中。
近代以來國門洞開，外國教育製度通過各種渠道逐漸傳入中國。學習西方資本主義國傢的教育經驗，在中國建立近代學製，開展研究生教育，是中國新式教育事業髮展的實際需要。甲午戰敗後，研究生教育倣效日本模式，壬寅學製和癸卯學製奠定瞭中國近代學製和研究生教育的基礎。辛亥革命成功後，研究生教育嫁接德國模式，教育部先後頒行壬子學製和癸醜學製，倣效德國洪堡式大學中以導師指導為主的研究生培養製度。20世紀20年代以後，研究生教育移植美國模式，美式的研究生培養製度集中體現在1931年草擬、1935年脩改頒佈的《學位授予法》中。近代高等教育學習對象和倣效模式的頻繁轉換，實際上蘊含著中西學術文化的持續遲突。至今，中西學術文化尚未真正融閤，中國大學的現代化仍在進行之中。
근대이래국문동개，외국교육제도통과각충거도축점전입중국。학습서방자본주의국가적교육경험，재중국건립근대학제，개전연구생교육，시중국신식교육사업발전적실제수요。갑오전패후，연구생교육방효일본모식，임인학제화계묘학제전정료중국근대학제화연구생교육적기출。신해혁명성공후，연구생교육가접덕국모식，교육부선후반행임자학제화계축학제，방효덕국홍보식대학중이도사지도위주적연구생배양제도。20세기20년대이후，연구생교육이식미국모식，미식적연구생배양제도집중체현재1931년초의、1935년수개반포적《학위수여법》중。근대고등교육학습대상화방효모식적빈번전환，실제상온함착중서학술문화적지속충돌。지금，중서학술문화상미진정융합，중국대학적현대화잉재진행지중。
Since the opening of China in modern times, foreign educational systems have been spread into China through multiple channels. The development of Chinese modern education needs educational experience from the western capitalist countries, the establishment of the modern academic system, and the development of postgraduate education. After the failure in the Sino-Japanese war, the Japanese mode of postgraduate education was copied by China. Ren-Yin schooling system and Gui-Mao schooling system laid the foundation of Chinese modern schooling system and postgraduate education. After the Revolution of 1911, the German method of post-graduate education was followed by China, when Ren-Zi educational system and Gui-Chou schooling system were enforced and the instructor-centered method from Humboldt-University zu Berlin was copied. Since the 1920s, the American mode of postgraduate education was adopted by China, which could be seen in the Degree Conferment Law drafted in 1931 and modified and issued in 1935. The frequent changes in learning objects and patterns of higher education in modern China revealed the constant collision between western and Chinese cul-tures. Even today, the fusion of western and Chinese cultures has not been completed and the modernization of Chinese universities is still underway.
