石油实验地质
石油實驗地質
석유실험지질
EXPERIMENTAL PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
2014年
4期
487-494,510
,共9页
地层水化学%油气运聚%次生气藏%侏罗系%川西坳陷
地層水化學%油氣運聚%次生氣藏%侏囉繫%川西坳陷
지층수화학%유기운취%차생기장%주라계%천서요함
formation water chemistry%hydrocarbon migration and accumulation%secondary gas pool%Jurassic%Western Sichuan Depression
川西坳陷侏罗系地层水化学研究结果表明,侏罗系地层水以CaCl2型为主,其中上侏罗统蓬莱镇组见较多Na2 SO4型地层水,结合地层水离子参数,总体上地层水封闭条件较好,有利于油气的聚集和保存。侏罗系地层水化学特征在垂向和平面上表现出明显的垂直分带性和平面分区性。纵向上,侏罗系地层水总体表现出断层越流淡化地层水的特征;平面上,地层水矿化度、主要离子浓度受构造位置以及断裂系统控制。构造位置较高或邻近烃源断层的地区,侏罗系地层水受大气水下渗淡化作用和须家河组五段湖相泥岩黏土矿物脱水淡化作用影响。与中国大部分油气田不同,川西坳陷侏罗系次生气藏主要分布在矿化度小于30 g/L,HCO-3浓度大于300 mg/L的区域。须家河组五段烃源岩黏土矿物转化析出的大量低矿化度层间水与有机质热演化和硫酸盐还原作用形成的烃类和CO2气体,在断层沟通下上涌进入侏罗系储层,导致低矿化度、高HCO-3浓度地层水的分布范围与气藏分布有较好的一致性。在断层欠发育地区,地层垂向连通性差,侏罗系次生气藏难以形成,地层水具有较高的矿化度和较低的HCO-3浓度。
川西坳陷侏囉繫地層水化學研究結果錶明,侏囉繫地層水以CaCl2型為主,其中上侏囉統蓬萊鎮組見較多Na2 SO4型地層水,結閤地層水離子參數,總體上地層水封閉條件較好,有利于油氣的聚集和保存。侏囉繫地層水化學特徵在垂嚮和平麵上錶現齣明顯的垂直分帶性和平麵分區性。縱嚮上,侏囉繫地層水總體錶現齣斷層越流淡化地層水的特徵;平麵上,地層水礦化度、主要離子濃度受構造位置以及斷裂繫統控製。構造位置較高或鄰近烴源斷層的地區,侏囉繫地層水受大氣水下滲淡化作用和鬚傢河組五段湖相泥巖黏土礦物脫水淡化作用影響。與中國大部分油氣田不同,川西坳陷侏囉繫次生氣藏主要分佈在礦化度小于30 g/L,HCO-3濃度大于300 mg/L的區域。鬚傢河組五段烴源巖黏土礦物轉化析齣的大量低礦化度層間水與有機質熱縯化和硫痠鹽還原作用形成的烴類和CO2氣體,在斷層溝通下上湧進入侏囉繫儲層,導緻低礦化度、高HCO-3濃度地層水的分佈範圍與氣藏分佈有較好的一緻性。在斷層欠髮育地區,地層垂嚮連通性差,侏囉繫次生氣藏難以形成,地層水具有較高的礦化度和較低的HCO-3濃度。
천서요함주라계지층수화학연구결과표명,주라계지층수이CaCl2형위주,기중상주라통봉래진조견교다Na2 SO4형지층수,결합지층수리자삼수,총체상지층수봉폐조건교호,유리우유기적취집화보존。주라계지층수화학특정재수향화평면상표현출명현적수직분대성화평면분구성。종향상,주라계지층수총체표현출단층월류담화지층수적특정;평면상,지층수광화도、주요리자농도수구조위치이급단렬계통공제。구조위치교고혹린근경원단층적지구,주라계지층수수대기수하삼담화작용화수가하조오단호상니암점토광물탈수담화작용영향。여중국대부분유기전불동,천서요함주라계차생기장주요분포재광화도소우30 g/L,HCO-3농도대우300 mg/L적구역。수가하조오단경원암점토광물전화석출적대량저광화도층간수여유궤질열연화화류산염환원작용형성적경류화CO2기체,재단층구통하상용진입주라계저층,도치저광화도、고HCO-3농도지층수적분포범위여기장분포유교호적일치성。재단층흠발육지구,지층수향련통성차,주라계차생기장난이형성,지층수구유교고적광화도화교저적HCO-3농도。
Studies on the chemistry of the Jurassic formation water indicate that the formation water is dominantly characterized by CaCl2 type with relatively low salinity and Na2SO4 type water is common in the Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Formation. In general, the Jurassic formation water is in a closed system, demonstrating its favorableness for hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. There is a distinct difference in the chemistry of formation water verti-cally and horizontally. Water composition varies with depth and three vertical variation patterns might be observed, showing the diluting effect caused by the cross-formation flow through faults. Regionally, formation water chemistry is mainly controlled by elevation and faults. In regions of high elevation and fault zones, formation water dilution can occur by meteoric invasion and diagenetic dehydration reactions of lacustrine facies clay minerals in the 5th section of the Xujiahe Formation within the main hydrocarbon source rocks. The Jurassic secondary gas pools in the Western Sichuan Depression correspond generally to the regions with TDS lower than 30 g/L and bicarbonate concentration higher than 300 mg/L, which is different from most oil and gas fields in China. The low-salinity water released from the transformation of smectite to illite and the hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide generated by kerogen-cracking reac-tion and sulfate-reducing reaction can flow upward through permeable fault zones and therefore cause the coincidence between the distributions of hydrocarbon and formation water with low TDS and high bicarbonate concentration. In re-gions without faults, it is unlikely to form hydrocarbon accumulation and the formation waters are often characterized by high TDS and low bicarbonate concentration due to poor vertical connectivity.