人民黄河
人民黃河
인민황하
Yellow River
2014年
7期
1-6
,共6页
横河%河势演变%河道整治%游荡型河段%黄河下游
橫河%河勢縯變%河道整治%遊盪型河段%黃河下遊
횡하%하세연변%하도정치%유탕형하단%황하하유
cross flow%river regime evolution%river training%wandering reaches%lower Yellow River
横河是指河道水流在非工程控导情况下，全河或主溜以与宏观流向垂直或近于垂直的方向冲向堤防、整治工程、滩岸，水流发生急转弯的河势流态。在遭到横河顶冲的地方，会造成滩地大量塌失或工程发生严重险情，甚至造成堤防决口。黄河下游游荡型河段河势变化速度快、幅度大，出现横河的几率远比弯曲型河段、过渡型河段的大。据1950-2009年资料统计，游荡型河段中柳园口-古城、黑石-黑岗口、裴峪-孤柏嘴、禅房-马寨4个子河段是发生横河最多的河段；横河发生次数较多的时段分别为1985-1989年、1970-1974年、1975-1979年、1990-1994年、2000-2004年；形成横河的因素是综合性的，主溜摆动与河势游荡、河床组成差异、流量变化幅度大、主股支股交替是其主要原因；通过河道整治可以减小发生横河的几率。
橫河是指河道水流在非工程控導情況下，全河或主霤以與宏觀流嚮垂直或近于垂直的方嚮遲嚮隄防、整治工程、灘岸，水流髮生急轉彎的河勢流態。在遭到橫河頂遲的地方，會造成灘地大量塌失或工程髮生嚴重險情，甚至造成隄防決口。黃河下遊遊盪型河段河勢變化速度快、幅度大，齣現橫河的幾率遠比彎麯型河段、過渡型河段的大。據1950-2009年資料統計，遊盪型河段中柳園口-古城、黑石-黑崗口、裴峪-孤柏嘴、禪房-馬寨4箇子河段是髮生橫河最多的河段；橫河髮生次數較多的時段分彆為1985-1989年、1970-1974年、1975-1979年、1990-1994年、2000-2004年；形成橫河的因素是綜閤性的，主霤襬動與河勢遊盪、河床組成差異、流量變化幅度大、主股支股交替是其主要原因；通過河道整治可以減小髮生橫河的幾率。
횡하시지하도수류재비공정공도정황하，전하혹주류이여굉관류향수직혹근우수직적방향충향제방、정치공정、탄안，수류발생급전만적하세류태。재조도횡하정충적지방，회조성탄지대량탑실혹공정발생엄중험정，심지조성제방결구。황하하유유탕형하단하세변화속도쾌、폭도대，출현횡하적궤솔원비만곡형하단、과도형하단적대。거1950-2009년자료통계，유탕형하단중류완구-고성、흑석-흑강구、배욕-고백취、선방-마채4개자하단시발생횡하최다적하단；횡하발생차수교다적시단분별위1985-1989년、1970-1974년、1975-1979년、1990-1994년、2000-2004년；형성횡하적인소시종합성적，주류파동여하세유탕、하상조성차이、류량변화폭도대、주고지고교체시기주요원인；통과하도정치가이감소발생횡하적궤솔。
The cross flow is the flow state that the whole river or the main stream impinges the dike,river training works and riverbank in the direc-tion vertical or near - vertical to the macroscopic flow,which makes the flow occurred a sharp turn. If the cross flow takes place,a large number of beaches would be collapsed,training works would be suffered serious danger and even the dike would be breached. As the river regime of the wan-dering reaches in the lower Yellow River varies with fast speed and wide range,there is a big chance that the cross river would occur in the wander-ing reaches than in the meandering and the braided ones. Based on statistics from 1950 to 2009,the cross flows occurred in a maximum number concentrated in the four wandering reaches and the five years quantum. The wandering reaches are from Liuyuankou to Gucheng,from Heishi to Heigangkou,from Peiyu to Gubaizui and from Chanfang to Mazhai. And the years quantum are from 1985 to 1989,from 1970 to 1974,from 1975 to 1979,from 1990 to 1994 and from 2000 to 2004. Factors which make the cross flow occurred are comprehensive. Of all the comprehensive fac-tors,the main ones are the main stream swinging and river regime wandering,the differences in the riverbed composition,the wide range of flow change and the alternation of main and tributary stream. By river regulation works,the possibility of the cross flow occurrence will be reduced.
