CAJ | 학술논문

针对汽车油耗测试存在的问题，采用单片机控制技术，通过直接测试喷油器喷油脉宽测试汽车油耗，研制汽车油耗智能测试仪器。根据汽车发动机喷油器喷油控制原理，确定汽车油耗测试方法。基于油耗测试原理构建汽车油耗测试系统的数学计算模型，并在标准状态下对该数学模型进行修正。根据油耗测试系统的功能要求，选定汽车油耗测试控制系统的单片机型号，确定汽车油耗测试控制系统各组成模块的功能，编写了喷油脉冲信号采集系统和汽车油耗测试系统主程序。结合汽车油耗测试样机和汽车测功试验台，搭建油耗测试样机试验系统，对试验数据进行处理分析，汽车油耗测试样机的相对误差可达到0.46%；喷油器特性参数受发动机转速变化影响较大，会影响到汽车油耗测试精度，需要对发动机不同转速条件下的喷油器特性参数进行修正，可进一步提高汽车油耗测试精度。该研究可为研制高精度、智能型汽车油耗测试仪器提供参考。
침대기차유모측시존재적문제，채용단편궤공제기술，통과직접측시분유기분유맥관측시기차유모，연제기차유모지능측시의기。근거기차발동궤분유기분유공제원리，학정기차유모측시방법。기우유모측시원리구건기차유모측시계통적수학계산모형，병재표준상태하대해수학모형진행수정。근거유모측시계통적공능요구，선정기차유모측시공제계통적단편궤형호，학정기차유모측시공제계통각조성모괴적공능，편사료분유맥충신호채집계통화기차유모측시계통주정서。결합기차유모측시양궤화기차측공시험태，탑건유모측시양궤시험계통，대시험수거진행처리분석，기차유모측시양궤적상대오차가체도0.46%；분유기특성삼수수발동궤전속변화영향교대，회영향도기차유모측시정도，수요대발동궤불동전속조건하적분유기특성삼수진행수정，가진일보제고기차유모측시정도。해연구가위연제고정도、지능형기차유모측시의기제공삼고。
With the rapid growth of automobile ownership in China, the control of automobile fuel consumption is not only an energy problem, but also an environmental one. The carbon balance method is a major, indirect way of testing the automobile fuel consumption with high precision, but the test equipment is expensive, bulky, and hard to move, and the demands of the test environment are high; the sampling connection needs sealing and connecting to the exhaust pipe, so its application is limited. The direct test method tests the automobile fuel consumption through measuring fuel volume and quality within a certain distance or time, and the engine oil circuit needs to be taken apart in order to put in the fuel consumption meter. This method is inconvenient, time-consuming, and poses a security risk, which affects the test precision. At present, the electronic fuel injection system (EFI) engine adopts a special EFI fuel consumption sensor to test automobile fuel consumption, or uses two sets of ordinary flow sensors. Its testing principle is roughly the same: They all concatenate engine oil flow sensors to fuel line of engine, they are complicated operations, and the signal lag of the sensor is greater. Because the fuel injection pressure of the EFI engine is high, the amount of oil return is greater, and the oil temperature is higher, which may easily cause the return pipe of connection on the sensor to inflate and explode. Aiming at the existing problem of automobile fuel-consumption testing, using the single chip microcomputer control technology, we tested automobile fuel consumption through direct measurement of the fuel injection pulse width. We then developed an intelligent testing instrument for automobile fuel consumption. The injection pulse signal from the engine ECU is directly collected by the automobile fuel consumption test system. After it is filtered and embedded into single-chip microcomputer, the injector's cumulative injection time and the number of fuel injections is detected by the single-chip microcomputer, the fuel injection pulse width is obtained, and the relationship between the quality of engine fuel consumption and the injection pulse width is determined. According to EFI controller principles, we determined the testing method for automobile fuel consumption. Based on fuel consumption testing principles, we built a mathematical model of an automobile fuel-consumption testing system, and corrected the mathematical model in standard conditions. According to the function requirements of the fuel-consumption testing system, we determined the single chip microcomputer model and modules function of automobile fuel consumption test controlling system, and designed the injection pulse signal acquisition system and the main program for the automobile fuel-consumption test system. We structured the trial system on a testing prototype using the automotive fuel consumption prototype and the automotive dynamometer test bench. Through analyzing and processing the trial data, the testing precision of the automobile fuel consumption prototype is up to 0.46%. Engine speed has an important impact on injector characteristics parameters, and it will influence automobile fuel consumption testing accuracy. Injector characteristics parameters under different engine speed conditions were amended using a linear regression method that will further improve automobile fuel-consumption testing accuracy. The research will provide the reference to develop high-precision, intelligent automobile fuel-consumption test equipment.