CAJ | 학술논문

采用植物群落数量分类方法研究植被和土壤恢复状况，利用烘干法、环刀法、电位法、凯氏定氮法、钼锑抗比色法、火焰光度法和外加热法测定了土壤的理化性质，并采用TWINSPAN、DCA和DCCA法研究了河南义马矸石植被梯度变化规律及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明，煤矸石山大致可以分为三大类：排矸35 a的煤矸石山边坡；排矸30 a和35 a矸石山；排矸45 a和55 a以及有人为干预（排矸20 a）矸石山。 DCA排序与TWINS-PAN分类结果一致。 DCA和DCCA排序图明显反映出排序轴的生态意义。不同类型矸石山自然植被的类型和生长情况差异明显，植物群落的梯度变化主要受土壤阳离子交换量、总孔隙度和土壤养分控制。直接种植具有土壤改良作用的刺槐林能加快矸石山植被的自然恢复和土壤改良进程。研究结果也表明，土壤理化性质改良，有助于自然植被恢复。边坡不稳定，植物难以自然定居，应采取措施稳固边坡；或与工程护坡措施相结合，种植一些抗干旱、耐瘠薄、深根性的植物，以加快边坡的生态恢复。
채용식물군락수량분류방법연구식피화토양회복상황，이용홍간법、배도법、전위법、개씨정담법、목제항비색법、화염광도법화외가열법측정료토양적이화성질，병채용TWINSPAN、DCA화DCCA법연구료하남의마안석식피제도변화규률급기여배경인자지간적관계。결과표명，매안석산대치가이분위삼대류：배안35 a적매안석산변파；배안30 a화35 a안석산；배안45 a화55 a이급유인위간예（배안20 a）안석산。 DCA배서여TWINS-PAN분류결과일치。 DCA화DCCA배서도명현반영출배서축적생태의의。불동류형안석산자연식피적류형화생장정황차이명현，식물군락적제도변화주요수토양양리자교환량、총공극도화토양양분공제。직접충식구유토양개량작용적자괴림능가쾌안석산식피적자연회복화토양개량진정。연구결과야표명，토양이화성질개량，유조우자연식피회복。변파불은정，식물난이자연정거，응채취조시은고변파；혹여공정호파조시상결합，충식일사항간한、내척박、심근성적식물，이가쾌변파적생태회복。
Waste coal-gangue piles not only occupied and destroyed large fields, but also brought about a series of prob-lems of environment. So it is significant to do the research on restoring vegetation of coal-gangue pile in for local environ-ment. The naturally restored vegetation status were investigated by traditional plot-survey, and soil chemicals and physical properties were analyzed by using standard methodology. The natural vegetation patterns along the environmental gradient and their relationships with ecological factors were analyzed by TWINSPAN, DCA and DCCA. The results showed that the coal-gangue piles could be divided into three groups according to community ordination:the 36° slope of the coal-gangue pile that was discarded for 35 years; the coal-gangue pile was discarded for 30 or 35 years; the coal-gangue pile was discarded for 45 or 55 years and Robinia pseudoacacia forest which was discarded for 20 years. The re-sults of DCA and TWINSPAN for vegetation plots and soil properties were similar. The axes of DCA and DCCA ordina-tion diagram indicated that the variation of vegetation in coal-gangue pile was influenced by physical properties and soil chemicals, such as cation exchange capacity, bulk density and nutrient. Planting trees ( such as R. pseudoacacia) could significantly accelerate the natural recovery of vegetation waste dump and soil improvement process.The results also sug-gest that the improvement of soil chemicals and physical properties was contributed to natural vegetation recovery. Since natural plants are difficult to grow owing to the instability of slope, measures should be taken to make the slope secure, or along with engineering combined with planting some drought-resistant, barrenness-resistant and deep-rooted plants to speed up ecological restoration of the slope.