南水北调与水利科技
南水北調與水利科技
남수북조여수리과기
SOUTH-TO-NORTH WATER
2014年
3期
10-16
,共7页
胡勇%绪正瑞%韩冬梅%杨志勇
鬍勇%緒正瑞%韓鼕梅%楊誌勇
호용%서정서%한동매%양지용
降水%质心时间%时空分异性%时空演变%不对称性%不均匀性%中国
降水%質心時間%時空分異性%時空縯變%不對稱性%不均勻性%中國
강수%질심시간%시공분이성%시공연변%불대칭성%불균균성%중국
precipitation%centriod-time%spatial-and-temporal-diversity%spatial-and-temporal-variations%asymmetry%unevenness%China
通过引入年内唯一的特征时间点)))年降水质心时间，即年降水过程线和时间轴间面域几何质心的时间轴投影，解决了频域规律识别不能反映降水事件发生时间的难题。根据年降水质心时间的时域、空域、频域规律，定量识别出我国降水时空演变规律。研究认为：(1)质心时间对大雨及以上等级降水发生时间的响应较为敏感；(2)空间变化规律与主雨季峰值降水时间的空间分布较一致，从西北至东南呈现/早-晚-早0规律；(3)时间序列多为纯随机过程，且非随机特性以周期性为主，趋势性以提前趋势为主，非随机性站点显著聚集于华中、华北地区；(4)年内各等级的时间分布不一致，大雨及以上等级发生时间晚于其它等级，微雨等级降水年内分布最不稳定；(5)年内降水愈不均匀的地区，年际变异愈加显著，即该区域年内主要降水过程的时间分布愈加不稳定。
通過引入年內唯一的特徵時間點)))年降水質心時間，即年降水過程線和時間軸間麵域幾何質心的時間軸投影，解決瞭頻域規律識彆不能反映降水事件髮生時間的難題。根據年降水質心時間的時域、空域、頻域規律，定量識彆齣我國降水時空縯變規律。研究認為：(1)質心時間對大雨及以上等級降水髮生時間的響應較為敏感；(2)空間變化規律與主雨季峰值降水時間的空間分佈較一緻，從西北至東南呈現/早-晚-早0規律；(3)時間序列多為純隨機過程，且非隨機特性以週期性為主，趨勢性以提前趨勢為主，非隨機性站點顯著聚集于華中、華北地區；(4)年內各等級的時間分佈不一緻，大雨及以上等級髮生時間晚于其它等級，微雨等級降水年內分佈最不穩定；(5)年內降水愈不均勻的地區，年際變異愈加顯著，即該區域年內主要降水過程的時間分佈愈加不穩定。
통과인입년내유일적특정시간점)))년강수질심시간，즉년강수과정선화시간축간면역궤하질심적시간축투영，해결료빈역규률식별불능반영강수사건발생시간적난제。근거년강수질심시간적시역、공역、빈역규률，정량식별출아국강수시공연변규률。연구인위：(1)질심시간대대우급이상등급강수발생시간적향응교위민감；(2)공간변화규률여주우계봉치강수시간적공간분포교일치，종서북지동남정현/조-만-조0규률；(3)시간서렬다위순수궤과정，차비수궤특성이주기성위주，추세성이제전추세위주，비수궤성참점현저취집우화중、화북지구；(4)년내각등급적시간분포불일치，대우급이상등급발생시간만우기타등급，미우등급강수년내분포최불은정；(5)년내강수유불균균적지구，년제변이유가현저，즉해구역년내주요강수과정적시간분포유가불은정。
The unique characteristic time in a year, know n as centroid time of annual precipitation, w as introduced to solve the problemofidentifyingoccurrencetimeofprecipitationbyfrequencydomainanalysis.Thecentroidtimeisthetimeprojectionof annual precipitation process line and domain geotroid. The spatial, temporal, and frequency domain characteristics of centroid time of annual precipitation were analyzed to identify the spatial and temporal variations of precipitation quantitatively in China. The results suggested that ( 1) the centroid time is sensitive to the response of the occurrence time of heavy precipitation;(2) thespatialvariationofcentroidtimeisconsistentwiththatofpeakprecipitationtimeofrainyseason,showing "early2late2early"characteristics from northwest to southeast;(3) the timeseriesof centroid time of the primary meteorological stations are pure random process w ith the non2random process is mainly shown at the stations located in central and northern China. T he non2 randomcharacteristicsaremainlyperiodicity,andthetrendcharacteristicsaremainlyadvancedtrend;(4) thetemporaldistribu2 tion of precipitation grades are not even. The occurrence time of heavy precipitation is later than that of other precipitation grades,andtheintra2annualdistributionofmoderateandlightprecipitationisthemostunstable;and(5) themoreunevenofin2 tra2annualprecipitationdistribution,themoreobviousofinter2annualvariationofcentroidtime,indicatingtheunstabletemporal distribution of precipitation in this area.
