混凝土
混凝土
혼응토
CONCRETE
2014年
6期
27-30
,共4页
近景摄影测量%直接线性变换%混凝土试件%数码相机%全站仪
近景攝影測量%直接線性變換%混凝土試件%數碼相機%全站儀
근경섭영측량%직접선성변환%혼응토시건%수마상궤%전참의
close-range photogrammetry%direct linear transformation%concrete specimen%digital camera%total station
脆性混凝土试件在破坏前变形极小，传统测量方法测量获得的变形误差大。为了弥补传统混凝土变形测量方法的不足，进而获得混凝土更加真实的物理、力学性能，采用近景测量法进行混凝土试件/结构变形测量。近景摄影测量以其非接触式、高效性、低成本性、环境适应性强等优点广泛应用于工程结构变形测量中。采用微机控制万能试验机对立方体混凝土试件进行压缩试验。试验前在混凝土表面布置测点。加载期间，同时获取压力试验机及数码相机与高精度全站仪对同一试件变形测量数据。基于二维直接线性变换分析获取的变形数据，从而实现结构变形的测量。试验结果表明近景摄影测量能够获取高精度的混凝土试件表面二维变形数据，并发现试件内部变形极不均匀；与全站仪测量结果比较，数码相机测量的试件横向和纵向变形误差均在5%以内。
脆性混凝土試件在破壞前變形極小，傳統測量方法測量穫得的變形誤差大。為瞭瀰補傳統混凝土變形測量方法的不足，進而穫得混凝土更加真實的物理、力學性能，採用近景測量法進行混凝土試件/結構變形測量。近景攝影測量以其非接觸式、高效性、低成本性、環境適應性彊等優點廣汎應用于工程結構變形測量中。採用微機控製萬能試驗機對立方體混凝土試件進行壓縮試驗。試驗前在混凝土錶麵佈置測點。加載期間，同時穫取壓力試驗機及數碼相機與高精度全站儀對同一試件變形測量數據。基于二維直接線性變換分析穫取的變形數據，從而實現結構變形的測量。試驗結果錶明近景攝影測量能夠穫取高精度的混凝土試件錶麵二維變形數據，併髮現試件內部變形極不均勻；與全站儀測量結果比較，數碼相機測量的試件橫嚮和縱嚮變形誤差均在5%以內。
취성혼응토시건재파배전변형겁소，전통측량방법측량획득적변형오차대。위료미보전통혼응토변형측량방법적불족，진이획득혼응토경가진실적물리、역학성능，채용근경측량법진행혼응토시건/결구변형측량。근경섭영측량이기비접촉식、고효성、저성본성、배경괄응성강등우점엄범응용우공정결구변형측량중。채용미궤공제만능시험궤대립방체혼응토시건진행압축시험。시험전재혼응토표면포치측점。가재기간，동시획취압력시험궤급수마상궤여고정도전참의대동일시건변형측량수거。기우이유직접선성변환분석획취적변형수거，종이실현결구변형적측량。시험결과표명근경섭영측량능구획취고정도적혼응토시건표면이유변형수거，병발현시건내부변형겁불균균；여전참의측량결과비교，수마상궤측량적시건횡향화종향변형오차균재5%이내。
Brittle concrete has very small deformation before destruction,which is difficult to be measured by traditional methods,accu-rately.To overcome this difficulty and further to obtain more accurate physical and mechanical properties of concrete ,a new method,i.e., close-range photogrammetry approach,for deformation measurement of concrete specimen/structure is adopted in the present study.Nowa-days,close-range photogrammetry method is very popular for deformation measurement of varies of engineering structures because of such merits as non-contact,high efficiency and low cost.Computer controlled servo universal tester is used to apply compression on a cubic con-crete specimen.Before loading,the specimen is marked with many measurement points on one of its vertical sides.During loading,the de-formation data of the points are obtained by tester,digital camera and high-precision total station simultaneously.The structural deforma-tion of specimen can be calculated based on the theory of two-dimensional(2D) direct linear transformation.Results show that close-range photogrammetry can get high accurate(2D) deformation of the surface of concrete specimen.It is also found that the internal deformation is far from uniform.Compared with data obtained by using the total station,both the relative errors along horizontal and vertical directions of deformation obtained by digital camera are within 5%.
